Résumés
Résumé
Les impacts du changement climatique dans l’espace périurbain de la ville de Ziguinchor sont multiformes. Ils s’aperçoivent aussi bien sur l’environnement biophysique que sur la santé des populations. Pour analyser ces impacts, nous avons réalisé, en 2011, une enquête quantitative auprès de 130 ménages, répartis dans 13 quartiers de l’espace périurbain de la ville de Ziguinchor (Sénégal). Les résultats de l’enquête montrent que les impacts les plus manifestes, observés par les populations, sont la baisse de la pluviométrie, les inondations pendant les saisons des pluies, la salinisation des terres, l’augmentation de la température, la recrudescence de la morbidité palustre, des infections respiratoires aigues (IRA), de l’hypertension artérielle (HTA) et des maladies diarrhéiques. Toutefois, les impacts varient selon la proximité des quartiers au fleuve Casamance. Les impacts du changement climatique et les stratégies d’adaptation sont aussi différemment appréciés par les ethnies (Mandingue, Diola, Wolof, Sérère…) de ces deux types de quartiers. Ces tendances trouvent leur explication dans une socialisation différenciée de l’espace périurbain de la ville de Ziguinchor.
Mots-clés :
- ethnies,
- changement climatique,
- impacts,
- adaptation,
- périurbain,
- Sénégal,
- Afrique
Abstract
The impacts of climate change in the periurban area of Ziguinchor are multiform and they affect the environment and public health. For this study, conducted in 2011, we realize a quantitative investigation of 130 households, divided in 13 districts in the periurban area of Ziguinchor. The results show that the most evident impacts, observed by citizens, the decrease of rainfall, the floods during rainy seasons, the soil salinization, the increase in the temperature, the increase of malaria-related morbidity, acute respiratory infections (IRA), arterial hypertension (HTA) and diarrheal diseases. However, the impacts vary according to the proximity of the districts to the Casamance river. Also, our results show that the impacts of climate change and adaptative strategies used are differently appreciated by ethnic groups (Mandingue, Diola, Wolof, Serere…) of these two types of districts. This could be explained by a differentiated socialization in the periurbain area of Ziguinchor.
Keywords:
- ethnic,
- climate change,
- impacts,
- periurban,
- Senegal,
- Africa
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Agrawal, A., 1995, Dismantling the Divide Between Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge, Journal of Development and Change, 26, pp. 413-439.
- Arry R., A. Esti, A.M. Muh et D. Andreas, 2014, Environmental Ethics in Local Knowledge Responding to Climate Change : An Understanding of Seasonal Traditional Calendar PranotoMongso and Its Phenology in Karst Area of GunungKidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Procedia Environmental Sciences 20, pp. 785-794.
- Batterbury, S.P.J., 2008, Anthropology and global warming : the need for environmental engagement, Aust. J. Anthropol. 19, pp. 62-68.
- Brace C. et H. Geoghegan, 2011, Human geographies of climate change : landscape, temporality and lay knowledge, Prog. Hum. Geogr. 35, pp. 284-302.
- Brody, S.D., S. Zahran, A. Vedlitz et H. Grover, 2008, Examining the relationship between physical vulnerability and public perceptions of global climate change in the United States. Environment and Behavior, 1, pp. 72-95.
- Cafalonieri U., B. Menne, R. Akhtar, K.L. Ebi, M. Hauengue, R.S. Kovats, B. Rivich et A. Woodward, 2007, Climate Change 2007 : Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. In Fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 391-431.
- Cheng, C.S., M. Campbell, Q. Li, G. Li, H. Auld, N. Day, D. Pengelly, S. Gringrich, J. Klaassen, G. MacIver, N.Comer, Y. Mao, W. Thompson et H. Lin, 2008a, Differential and combined impacts of extremes temperatures and air pollution on human mortality in South-central Canada, Part I : Historical analysis, Air Qual. Atmos Health 1, pp. 209-222.
- Cheng, C.S., M. Campbell, Q. Li, G. Li, H. Auld, N. Day, D. Pengelly, S. Gringrich, J. Klaassen, G. MacIver, N.Comer, Y. Mao, W. Thompson et H. Lin, 2008 b, Differential and combined impacts of extremes temperatures and air pollution on human mortality in south-central Canada, Part II : Historical analysis. Air Qual. Atmos. Health 1, pp. 223-235.
- Cheng, C.S., H. Auld, Q. Li et G. Li, 2012, Possible impacts of climate change on extreme weather events at local scale in South central Canada, Climatic change 112, pp. 963-979.
- Coburn, J., 2006, Street Science : Community Knowledge and Environmental Health Justice. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 271 p.
- Cornut P., T. Bauler et E. Zaccai, 2007, Environnement et inégalités sociales, Bruxelles, Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 214 p.
- Crate, S.A., 2011, Climate and culture : anthropology in the era of contemporary climate change. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 40, pp. 175–194.
- Dekens, J., 2007, Local Knowledge for Disaster Preparedness : A Literature Review. Kathmandu : ICIMOD, http://books.icimod.ord or www.disasterpreparedness.icimod.org, accessed on 11 th July 2013.
- Emelianoff C., 2006, Connaître ou reconnaître les inégalités environnementales ? , ESO, 25, pp. 35-43.
- Emelianoff, C., 2008, La problématique des inégalités écologiques : un nouveau paysage conceptuel. Écologie et politique, 35, pp. 19-31.
- Granderson, A.A., 2014, Making sense of climate change risks and responses at the community level : A cultural-political lens. Climate Risk Management 3, pp. 55–64.
- Jasanoff, S., 2010, A new climate for society. Theory Cult. Soc. 27, pp. 233–253.
- Kundzewicz, Z.W., L.J. Mata, N.W. Arnell, P. Döll, P. Kabat, B. Jiménez, K.A. Miller, T. Oki, Z. Sen et I.A. Shiklomanov, 2007, Freshwater resources and their management. dans : Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hansen CE (eds) Climate change 2007 : impacts adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 173- 210
- Laigle, L., 2005, Métropolisation et développement durable : un nouvel enjeu pour les collectivités territoriales ? Actes du colloque Logiques métropolitaines : modèles, acteurs et processus, organisé par l’Université de Lille et l’IFRESI – CNRS. Communication publiée dans l’ouvrage Action publique et projet métropolitain édité chez l’Harmattan, pp 1-12.
- Mbaye, I., 2014, Perceptions des impacts sanitaires du changement climatique par les communautés de la ville de Ziguinchor (Sénégal). Actes du XXVIIe. Colloque de l’Association Internationale de Climatologie (AIC) pp 678-683.
- Mbaye, I., M. Camara et P. Paul, 2011, Climat, Société et Risques Sanitaires en milieu urbain : le cas de la ville de Ziguinchor au Sénégal". Actes du XXème Colloque de l’Association Internationale de Climatologie (AIC) pp 384-389.
- McMichael, A.J., M. Neira, R. Bertollini, D. Campbell-Lendrum et S. Hales, 2009, Climate change : a time of need and opportunity for the health sector, The Lancet, 374, pp. 2123-2125.
- Mercer, J., I. Kelman, L. Taranis et P.S.Suchet, 2010, Framework for Integrating Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction.
- Parry, M., O. Canziani, J. Palutikof , P.J. van der Linden et C.E. Hanson (eds), 2007, Climate change 2007 : impacts adaptation and vulnerability. Contribution of working group II to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Syal S.S., R.S. Wilson, J.M. Crowford et J. Lutz, 2011, Climate change and human health - what influences the adoption of adaptation programming in the United States public health system ? Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 16, pp 911-924.
- Yohannes, A., 2012, Perceptions of climate change among members of the House of Peoples, Representatives, Ethiopa. Journal of Risk Research, 7, pp. 771-785.
- White, L, 2005, Energy and Tools. In Nora Haenn and Richard Wilk, editor.The Environment in Anthropology A Reader in Ecology, Culture and Sustainable Living, New York : University Press, pp. 139-144.
- World Health Organization (WHO), 2009, Protecting health from climate change, Global research priorities. WHO, Geneva