Résumés
Résumé
Objectifs La littérature souligne le rôle du supérieur immédiat (manager) dans la réussite du retour au travail (RaT) après une absence liée à un trouble mental courant (p. ex. troubles anxio-dépressifs). Cependant, peu d’études se sont penchées sur l’influence spécifique du style de leadership dans ce contexte, limitant ainsi les connaissances susceptibles d’éclairer les comportements efficaces en milieu organisationnel pour une reprise professionnelle durable. Cet article vise à examiner le rôle du leadership et des pratiques de soutien développées par les managers et les employeurs dans le cadre du RaT. Deux études sont présentées. La 1re analyse l’influence du style de leadership (transformationnel vs autoritaire) et du soutien organisationnel perçu sur le maintien en emploi des employés après leur RaT. La 2e étude examine dans quelle mesure les managers et les employeurs perçoivent leur capacité à mettre en oeuvre des pratiques reconnues dans la littérature comme favorisant un RaT durable.
Méthode Dans l’Étude 1, 84 employés de RaT après une absence prolongée ont répondu à un questionnaire en ligne (Qualtrics). Parmi eux, 70 % avaient été absents en raison d’un trouble mental courant (TMC). L’Étude 2, de portée internationale, a recueilli les réponses de 30 employeurs et responsables des ressources humaines ainsi que de 28 managers à un questionnaire en ligne (LimeSurvey). Celui-ci portait sur les pratiques de RaT d’employés en arrêt maladie pour un TMC, couvrant toute la séquence du RaT.
Résultats Étude 1 : une régression multiple met en évidence que le leadership transformationnel joue un rôle significatif dans la réduction du burn-out et de l’intention de quitter son emploi, contrairement au leadership autoritaire, tout en renforçant la perception du soutien organisationnel. Étude 2 : les analyses descriptives indiquent que les employeurs et responsables des ressources humaines ont plus de facilité à communiquer les règles aux divers acteurs du RaT de l’organisation. En revanche, ces personnes se montrent moins à l’aise lorsqu’il s’agit de soutenir les managers dans l’implantation des aménagements de travail destinés aux employés concernés. Du côté des managers, il ressort qu’ils se sentent capables d’instaurer des mesures favorisant le RaT durable du membre de l’équipe. Toutefois, ils se sentent moins à l’aise d’adopter les pratiques de RaT pendant l’arrêt maladie du collaborateur, ainsi qu’à mettre en oeuvre les mesures préventives des rechutes.
Conclusion Ces 2 études mettent en évidence l’importance des attitudes soutenantes dans le maintien au travail et identifient les zones de difficulté rencontrées par les managers. La discussion présente des perspectives de recherche ainsi que des recommandations pour mieux accompagner les managers, les employeurs et responsables des ressources humaines, en s’appuyant sur les écrits internationaux.
Mots-clés :
- retour au travail durable,
- leadership,
- managers,
- employeurs,
- sentiment d’autoefficacité
Abstract
Objectives The literature highlights the role of the manager in the successful return to work (RTW) after an absence due to common mental disorders (e.g., depressive disorders). However, few studies have specifically examined the influence of leadership style in this context, thus limiting the knowledge that could inform effective behaviors in organizational settings for sustainable RTW. This paper aims to examine the role of leadership and support practices developed by managers and employers in the context of RTW. Two studies are presented. The first study analyzes the influence of leadership style (transformational vs. authoritarian) and perceived organizational support on employees’ retention after their RTW. The second study examines the extent to which managers and employers perceive their ability to implement practices recognized in the literature as promoting sustainable RTW.
Method. In Study 1, 84 employees who had returned to work after a long-term sickness responded to an online questionnaire (Qualtrics). Among them, 70% were on sick leave due to a common mental disorder (CMD). In Study 2, which was international in scope, 30 employers and human resources managers and 28 managers responded to an online questionnaire (LimeSurvey). This questionnaire focused on RTW practices for employees on sick leave due to a CMD, covering the entire RTW sequence.
Results. Study 1: Multiple regression analysis highlights that transformational leadership plays a significant role in reducing burnout and the intention to leave the job, unlike authoritarian leadership, while enhancing the perception of organizational support. Furthermore, the mediating role of SOP and burnout in the effect of transformational leadership on the intention to leave has been demonstrated. Study 2: Descriptive analyses indicate that employers and human resources managers find it easier to communicate rules to the various RTW stakeholders within the organization. However, their self-efficacy is lower when it comes to supporting managers in implementing work accommodations for the affected employees. With respect to managers, they feel capable of establishing measures that promote the sustainable RTW of team members. However, they find it more challenging to adopt RTW practices during the employee’s sick leave and to implement preventive measures for relapses.
Conclusion. These two studies highlight the importance of supportive attitudes in job retention and identify areas of difficulty encountered by managers. The discussion presents research perspectives and recommendations to better support managers, employers, and human resources managers.
Keywords:
- sustainable return to work,
- leadership,
- managers,
- employers,
- self-efficacy
Parties annexes
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