Résumés
Résumé
Le trouble de personnalité limite (TPL) est un trouble fréquent et grave, caractérisé par une instabilité de l’image de soi, une instabilité affective et des relations interpersonnelles.
Les femmes atteintes de TPL entameraient une grossesse et accoucheraient autant que les autres femmes. Or, selon plusieurs études, les mères TPL auraient une sensibilité diminuée aux signaux de leur bébé et une mauvaise interprétation de leurs émotions ; ceci interférerait dans la mise en place d’une interaction mère-bébé de qualité et dans le développement psychoaffectif du bébé, avec le risque de développer des pathologies psychiatriques à l’âge adulte. Ainsi, plusieurs équipes ont élaboré des soins spécifiques pour les mères souffrant de TPL.
Objectifs Cette revue de la littérature a pour objectif principal de répertorier les interventions développées auprès des mères TPL en période périnatale (de la grossesse jusqu’aux 18 mois du nourrisson). L’objectif secondaire est d’évaluer l’efficacité de certaines de ces interventions.
Méthode Nous avons interrogé 5 bases de données : PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, EBM REVIEWS et PSYCINFO, la littérature grise, les recommandations de certains pays, le site Web Google.ca et OpenGray. Nous avons utilisé des mots clés pour repérer les articles : Borderline personality disorder, Mothers, Women, Woman, Maternal, Perinatal, Perinatology, Postnatal, Postpartum, Pregnant, Pregnancy(ies), Infant(s), Infancy, Baby(ies), Newborn(s), Offspring(s), Young child, Young children. Pour être inclus, un article devait être écrit en anglais ou en français et publié entre 1980 et 2020 (une veille bibliographique a été effectuée jusqu’en décembre 2021) ; il devait traiter d’intervention(s) préventive(s) et/ou thérapeutique(s) ciblant les mères souffrant de TPL en période périnatale.
Résultats La recherche a généré 493 articles et 20 articles ont été sélectionnés. Deux grands types d’interventions se sont détachés : certaines sont centrées sur la dyade mère-bébé, d’autres sont centrées sur la mère seule. Parmi elles, on relève des thérapies déjà établies pour les patients TPL en population générale ou des psychothérapies mère-bébé plus spécifiques. Les interventions sont majoritairement pluridisciplinaires, précoces et intensives. Quatre articles ont testé l’efficacité de leur programme : selon les articles, les effets bénéfiques sur les interactions dyadiques apparaissent en général après plusieurs semaines de traitement, et pour certains programmes les effets peuvent persister dans le temps ; 3 auteurs montrent une diminution de la symptomatologie dépressive maternelle. Seules l’Australie et la Suisse ont publié des recommandations visant spécifiquement les mères TPL en période périnatale.
Conclusion Les interventions auprès des mères TPL en période périnatale peuvent s’appuyer sur des modèles théoriques réflexifs ou en lien avec la dérégulation émotionnelle dont souffrent ces mères. Elles doivent être précoces, intensives et pluriprofessionnelles. Compte tenu du manque d’évaluation de l’efficacité aucun type de soin ne se distingue actuellement, ainsi il apparaît important de pouvoir continuer les investigations.
Mots-clés :
- trouble de personnalité borderline ou état limite,
- mère,
- périnatalité,
- grossesse,
- bébé,
- nourrisson,
- nouveau-né
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common and severe disorder characterized by unstability of self-image, unstable affect, and unstable interpersonal relationships. Women with BPD would give birth as much as other women, but according to several studies, BPD mothers have a reduced sensitivity to their babies and a poor interpretation of their emotions; this would interfere in mother-baby interaction and in psycho-affective development of the baby, with the risk to develop psychiatric pathologies in adulthood. In this context several professionals have developed different interventions for mothers suffering from BPD.
Objectives The main objective of this literature review is to list the interventions developed for BPD mothers during the perinatal period (from pregnancy to the 18 months of infant). The secondary objective is to assess the effectiveness of some of these interventions.
Method We have screened five databases: PUBMED/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, EBM REVIEWS and PSYCINFO, gray literature, recommendations of some countries, Google.ca website and OpenGray.
We used keywords to screen the articles: Borderline personality disorder; Mothers, Women, Woman, Maternal, Perinatal, Perinatology, Postnatal, Postpartum, Pregnant, Pregnancy(ies), Infant(s), Infancy, Baby(ies), Newborn(s), Offspring(s), Young child, Young children. To be included, an article had to be written in English or French and published between 1980 and 2020 (a bibliographic watch was then carried out until December 2021); it had to deal with preventive and/or therapeutic intervention(s) targeting mothers suffering from BPD in the perinatal period.
Results The search have generated 493 articles and 20 articles were selected. We have identified two main types of interventions: some are centered on the mother-baby dyad, others are centered only on the mother. Among them, there are therapies established for BPD patients in the general population, or specific mother-baby psychotherapies. Interventions are multidisciplinary, intervene early and intensively. Four articles have analysed the effectiveness of their program: according to the studies, the beneficial effects on dyadic interactions generally appear after several weeks of treatment, and for some programs the effects may persist over time; three authors show a reduction of maternal depressive symptoms. Only Australia and Switzerland have published recommendations targeting BPD mothers in the perinatal period.
Conclusion Interventions with BPD mothers in the perinatal period can be based on reflexives theoreticals models or be in connection with the emotional dysregulation from which these mothers suffer. They must be early, intensive and multi-professional. Given the lack of studies that have analysed the efficacy of their programs, no intervention currently stands out, so it seems important to continue the investigations.
Keywords:
- borderline or borderline personality disorder,
- mother,
- perinatality,
- pregnancy,
- baby,
- infant,
- newborn
Parties annexes
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