Résumés
Résumé
Objectifs La honte est un sentiment douloureux qui surgit lorsqu’une personne a l’impression d’avoir commis une offense ou contrevenu à un standard personnel ou moral. Les expériences de honte sont souvent intenses et entraînent une évaluation globale négative de soi ; la personne a alors le sentiment d’être mauvaise, faible, sans valeur, ou de mériter le mépris d’autrui. Certaines personnes sont davantage portées à ressentir de la honte. Bien que cette dernière ne figure pas à titre de critère diagnostique du trouble de personnalité limite (TPL) dans le DSM-5, des études scientifiques suggèrent que la honte est un sentiment caractéristique chez les personnes présentant ce trouble. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’apporter des indices supplémentaires afin de documenter la propension à la honte chez les personnes présentant une symptomatologie limite à partir de données issues de la population québécoise.
Méthode Un total de 646 adultes provenant de la population générale québécoise ont répondu en ligne à la version courte de la Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23), qui mesure la sévérité des symptômes associés au TPL selon une perspective dimensionnelle, ainsi qu’à l’Experience of Shame Scale (ESS) mesurant la propension à la honte dans différentes sphères de la vie d’une personne. Les participants et participantes ont été divisés en 4 groupes sur la base de leurs symptômes limites, selon la classification de Kleindienst et collaborateurs (2020), et comparés quant à leurs scores de honte : a) peu ou pas de symptômes limites (n = 173) ; b) symptômes faibles (n = 316) ; c) symptômes modérés (n = 103) ; d) degrés élevés, très élevés ou extrêmement élevés de symptômes limites (n = 54).
Résultats Des différences entre les groupes avec de grandes tailles d’effet dans toutes les sphères mesurées par l’ESS ont été relevées, suggérant que la honte a tendance à être plus importante chez les personnes présentant des traits limites plus marqués.
Conclusion Les résultats sont discutés dans une perspective clinique du TPL, en mettant l’accent sur l’importance de faire de la honte une cible d’intervention en psychothérapie chez cette clientèle. De plus, ces résultats soulèvent des questions d’ordre conceptuel quant à la place significative que la honte devrait occuper dans le diagnostic et le traitement du TPL.
Mots-clés :
- honte,
- trouble de personnalité limite,
- traits de personnalité limite,
- psychothérapie,
- propension à la honte
Abstract
Objectives Shame is a painful feeling that one feels when under the impression of having committed an offence or contravened to a personal or moral standard. Shame experiences are often intense and entail a global, negative self-evaluation; persons then feel like they are bad, weak, worthless, or deserving others’ contempt. Some people are more prone to shame feelings. Although shame is not listed as a diagnostic criterion of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in the DSM-5, studies suggest that shame is an important feature in individuals with BPD. The aim of this study is to garner additional data to document shame proneness in individuals presenting with borderline symptomatology in the population from the Province of Quebec.
Method Overall, 646 community adults from the Province of Quebec completed online the brief version of the Borderline Symptom List (BSL-23), measuring the severity of symptoms associated with BPD from a dimensional perspective, and to the Experience of Shame Scale (ESS), measuring shame proneness in various areas of a person’s life. Participants were then compared on their shame scores after they were assigned to one of the four groups based on Kleindienst et al. (2020) classification of severity of borderline symptoms: (a) none or low symptoms (n = 173), (b) mild symptoms (n = 316), (c) moderate symptoms (n = 103), or (d) high, very high or extremely high symptoms (n = 54).
Results Between-group differences were found with large effect sizes in all shame areas measured by the ESS, suggesting that shame feelings tend to be greater in persons presenting more borderline traits.
Conclusion Results are discussed in a clinical perspective of BPD, emphasizing the importance of having shame as a clinical target in psychotherapy with these clients. Furthermore, our results raise conceptual questions regarding how to integrate shame in the assessment and treatment of BPD.
Keywords:
- shame,
- borderline personality disorder,
- borderline personality traits,
- psychotherapy,
- shame proneness
Parties annexes
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