Résumés
Résumé
Le Plan d’action 2015-2020 en santé mentale du Québec vise, chez les personnes présentant des troubles mentaux graves, le développement d’une autonomie optimale dans la société et l’utilisation adéquate des services de santé. Néanmoins, à ce jour, un manque de données est rapporté au Québec, sur la capacité des personnes présentant des troubles mentaux à accéder, à comprendre et à utiliser l’information relative à la santé, ce qui correspond au concept de littératie en santé (LS). Une étude descriptive quantitative a été menée pour décrire la LS chez les personnes présentant des troubles mentaux graves et demeurant dans la communauté de Dolbeau-Mistassini, au Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean (Québec). Les données ont été collectées à l’aide de trois questionnaires autorapportés, incluant le Questionnaire sur la littératie en santé (QLS). Ce questionnaire permet de décrire la LS à partir de 9 dimensions, afin de soulever les besoins individuels, organisationnels et sociaux en lien avec la LS des personnes ciblées. Les résultats obtenus auprès des participants (n = 30) ont montré que la LS était plus faible dans la dimension « Comprendre l’information relative à la santé ». Les résultats de cette étude mettent en évidence la nécessité d’adapter les interventions éducatives chez cette population. Cette adaptation pourrait permettre à cette population de mieux intégrer le contenu de l’enseignement reçu, tout en privilégiant l’accompagnement d’un proche lors de la rencontre avec un professionnel de la santé.
Mots-clés :
- littératie en santé,
- troubles mentaux graves,
- maladies chroniques
Abstract
Objectives The Quebec government’s 2015-2020 Ministerial Mental-Health Action Plan aims at developing an optimal autonomy level in society and achieving an adequate use of healthcare services among individuals with severe mental disorders. Individuals presenting with such disorders frequently have other long-term conditions. In order to manage their conditions, these individuals must have access to, understand, and use health-related information. This corresponds to the concept of health literacy (HL). Although some research has been conducted on the HL of individuals with severe mental-health disorders, none has been done in the province of Quebec (Canada) and the measurement questionnaire previously used did not adequately take into account the multiple dimensions of HL. Using a multidimensional questionnaire would thereby be beneficial. Specifically, the objective herein was to describe the HL among individuals with a severe mental disorder residing in the community in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region (Québec, Canada).
Methods This quantitative research used a descriptive design. The participants were recruited from the community mental-health program at the Dolbeau–Mistassini CLSC, which is part of the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean. The participants were selected using a convenience sampling. Three questionnaires were used for data collection: 1) the French version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ), a self-report questionnaire with 9 scales; 2) the French version of the Disease Burden Morbidity Assessment to get a portrait of the chronic diseases of participants; and 3) a standard sociodemographic questionnaire. The scores for the dimensions of the HLQ have been described with descriptive statistics. The average values of the nine QLS scales for the different participant subgroups were compared with Student’s t-tests or ANOVA.
Results Based on the overall HLQ results, the dimension Ability to understand health information reflected a lower level of HL. Overall, the averages for the various dimensions for the study population were all slightly lower than those previously described using the same questionnaire but with populations of the elderly or people with chronic conditions.
Conclusion The results highlight the need to continue investigating the HL concept for the population segment with severe mental disorders. This study also brings out the need to adapt the health education delivered to this population so as to help such individuals better understand health-related information.
Keywords:
- health literacy,
- severe mental illness,
- chronic diseases
Parties annexes
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