Résumés
Résumé
La stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétée (rTMS) et la stimulation transcrânienne par courant continu (tDCS) sont des techniques de stimulation cérébrale non invasive actuellement utilisées comme solutions thérapeutiques dans plusieurs pathologies psychiatriques. Appliquées au niveau du cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral (CPFDL), elles ont montré leur efficacité pour diminuer les symptômes pharmacorésistants chez les patients déprimés et chez les patients schizophrènes avec symptômes négatifs prédominants (SN). Le CPFDL est une structure cérébrale impliquée dans l’expression de ces symptômes et dans d’autres processus dysfonctionnels de ces deux pathologies comme les processus émotionnels. Le but de cette revue est d’établir s’il existe ou non un lien entre l’amélioration clinique et la modulation des processus émotionnels suite à la stimulation du CPFDL dans ces deux pathologies. Les données collectées montrent que l’amélioration des processus émotionnels n’est pas en lien avec l’amélioration clinique ni chez les patients déprimés ni chez les patients SN. Notre revue suggère que bien que partageant des structures cérébrales communes, les réseaux cérébraux impliqués dans les processus émotionnels d’une part et les symptômes dépressifs ou les SN d’autre part seraient distincts.
Mots-clés :
- cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral,
- stimulation transcrânienne,
- émotion,
- dépression,
- schizophrénie
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are noninvasive brain stimulation techniques currently used as therapeutic tools in various psychiatric conditions. Applied over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), they showed their efficacy in reducing drug-resistant symptoms in patients with major depression and in patients with schizophrenia with predominantly negative symptoms. The DLPFC is a brain structure involved in the expression of these symptoms as well as in other dysfunctional functions observed in theses conditions such as emotional processes. The goal of this review is to establish whether or not a link exists between clinical improvements and modulation of emotional processes following the stimulation of the DLPFC in both conditions. The data collected show that improved emotional processes is not linked to a clinical improvement neither in patients with depression nor in patients with negative schizophrenia. Our results suggests that although sharing common brain structures, the brain networks involved in both symptoms and in emotional processes would be separate.
Keywords:
- schizophrenia,
- depression,
- transcranial stimulation,
- emotion,
- dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Parties annexes
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