Résumés
Résumé
Les sciences de la santé souffrent d’insomnie : ses experts ne veillent trop souvent que sur les phénomènes associés à l’état d’éveil. Heureusement, quelques-uns défient l’horloge et se consacrent au « tiers obscur de la vie » : le sommeil. Cet article porte sur l’interface entre le sommeil et la pédopsychiatrie. La première partie décrit d’abord l’histoire du développement du laboratoire de recherche sur le sommeil et les troubles de la santé mentale, les premières recherches qui y ont été faites sur le sommeil dans la schizophrénie et l’autisme, puis le développement de la Clinique des troubles du sommeil pour enfants et adolescents de l’Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies. La deuxième partie décrit d’abord l’impact d’un mauvais sommeil sur le fonctionnement diurne des enfants et adolescents en général puis rapporte des données statistiques sur la fréquence des troubles du sommeil et leurs conséquences cliniques chez les enfants et adolescents avec un diagnostic psychiatrique. On présente ensuite la Clinique des troubles du sommeil de l’Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, qui s’adresse spécifiquement et sélectivement aux enfants aux prises avec un diagnostic psychiatrique, puis on en résume le mode de fonctionnement et la démarche clinique.
Mots-clés :
- troubles du sommeil,
- évaluation clinique,
- enfant,
- adolescents,
- psychiatrie
Abstract
Objectives Health sciences suffer from insomnia: experts too often concentrate their efforts on the wake state. Fortunately enough, some of them have taken the road towards the “Dark Third of Life”: sleep. This article gives an historical account of the development of the first Canadian sleep disorders laboratory and clinic specifically and selectively designed for children and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnosis. It then stresses the importance of sleep in children bearing a psychiatric diagnosis and summarizes therapeutic strategies.
Methods Data-on-file and selective review of literature.
Results An innovative scheme matching sleep psychologists and psychiatrists with expertise in neurodevelopmental disorders led to the creation of a sleep research laboratory on mental health disorders. The initial research projects on the sleep and dreams of patients with schizophrenia and persons with autism are summarized. The Sleep Disorders Clinic for Children and Adolescents was then created at the Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, leading to much needed activities focused on youth. Indeed, sleep disorders show a high prevalence in children with a psychiatric diagnosis and the literature shows that these children have an increased sensitivity for diurnal effects of poor sleep. The main sleep-relevant issues at stake are reviewed, including the high frequency of sleep disorders in pedopsychiatric patients. Clinical challenges are described and the operating mode of the Sleep Disorders Clinic is illustrated.
Conclusion Sleep disorders and their effects on daytime functioning need to be assessed in children with a psychiatric diagnosis in order to generate a full clinical picture. Appropriate tools and know-how are readily available in order to achieve this goal.
Keywords:
- sleep disorders,
- clinical assessment,
- children,
- adolescents,
- psychiatry
Parties annexes
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