Résumés
Résumé
La recherche de similarité hydrologique est très importante pour l’estimation des débits aux bassins non jaugés. L’indice radiatif d’aridité, proposé dans le modèle de bilan hydrique de Budyko, en combinaison avec le bilan radiatif, représente un paramètre de contrôle de l’ETR (évapotranspiration réelle). Cet indice permet de définir des régions climatiques ou géobotaniques dans lesquelles s’inscrivent les modèles pluie-débit ajustés d’après des historiques d’observations hydroclimatiques. Le présent travail utilise le modèle HBV muni d’une routine d’optimisation à l’aide de l’algorithme SCE‑UA. Il propose une méthodologie de calage dans laquelle on tient explicitement compte de l’ETR établie à grande échelle, à partir de l’indice d’aridité. Cette méthode de calage adopte comme fonction objective la combinaison de trois critères : minimisation de l’écart quadratique sur les débits, minimisation de l’écart sur le bilan hydrique, minimisation de l’écart à l’ETR régionale. On montre qu’ainsi, on améliore la performance du modèle en période de validation.
Mots clés:
- classification hydrologique,
- modèle HBV,
- modèle Budyko,
- SCE-UA,
- pluie- débit
Abstract
The research of hydrological similarity is very important for runoff estimation with respect to ungauged basins. The Budyko radiative dryness index may represent a control parameter for the estimation of actual evapotranspiration ETR, as output of rainfall-ruonff models. These models are generally adjusted according to hydro – climatic observations, whithout taking account for energy balance insights. Budyko index helps defining climatic or geobotanic regions, in which rainfall-runoff models may be enrolled. To develop these ideas, the HBV rainfall-runoff model is adopted, coupled to a SCE-UA optimisation tool. It is proposed to perform the model adjustment taking explicitly account for ETR regional estimation, as a constraint. The calibration method adopts an objective function combining three criteria: minimization of runoff root mean square error, minimization of water budget simulation error, minimization of the difference between mean annual simulated ETR and regional ETR. It is found that, by this way, model performances are enhanced, especially for the validation period.
Key words:
- hydrologic classification,
- HBV model,
- Budyko model,
- SCE-UA,
- rainfall-runoff
Parties annexes
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