Résumés
Summary
This study aims to help employers retain overqualified employees or reduce their turnover intention. Specifically, using conservation of resources (COR) theory, we tested whether employee perceptions of overqualification directly affect turnover intention and the moderating effect of work-life balance on this relationship. We study this 3-way relationship in a specific environmental context (in Canada) and compared two different groups of employees: Canadian-born and immigrant, the latter facing more challenges to integrating into the labour market and getting a job that corresponds to their qualifications. For this, there are many reasons, such as language barriers, discrimination, undervaluation of their assets, lack of work experience and lack of a professional network in the host country.
We tested our hypotheses by conducting two questionnaire-based field studies in Canada: one among 227 Canadian-born employees and the other among 237 immigrant employees. Our results confirm the value of COR theory in understanding the relationship between overqualification and turnover intention among Canadian-born and immigrant employees and the moderating effect of work-life balance on this relationship among immigrants.
Given the scarcity of talent, employers should do more to recognize and use their employees’ skills, whether local or immigrant. To retain their immigrant employees, employers should help them balance their work and personal lives. Finally, employers should provide overqualified immigrants with ongoing assistance (information, emotional support, tools, continuous follow-up) to help them manage their daily lives, strike a balance between their work and personal lives and, ultimately, reduce their turnover intention.
Abstract
Using conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002), we first investigated the direct influence of overqualification on turnover intention. Second, we tested whether the perceived work-life balance affects the relationship between overqualification and turnover intention. To that end, we used questionnaires to conduct independent field studies of two groups of Canadian workers: 227 local human resources professionals and 237 immigrant employees. Both studies confirmed that perceived overqualification increased their intention to quit their jobs. Perceived work-life balance moderated the relationship between overqualification and turnover intention only among the immigrant employees. This paper sheds light on how perceived overqualification can affect the intention to quit a job among local and immigrant employees. It also shows how perceived work-life balance can affect the relationship between perceived overqualification and the intention to quit a job.
Keywords:
- overqualification,
- work-life balance,
- turnover intention,
- Canadian-born and immigrant employees
Résumé
Cette étude vise aider les employeurs à fidéliser leurs employés surqualifiés ou à réduire leur roulement volontaire. Plus précisément, en nous appuyant sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources (COR), nous analysons le lien direct entre la surqualification perçue et l’intention de quitter ainsi que l’effet modérateur de l’équilibre travail-vie personnelle sur ce lien. Nous étudions ces liens dans un contexte environnemental particulier (au Canada) et entre deux groupes différents d’employés : des personnes nées au Canada et des immigrants, ces derniers ayant plus de difficultés à intégrer le marché du travail pour obtenir un emploi correspondant à leurs qualifications pour de nombreuses raisons, telles que les barrières linguistiques, la discrimination, la sous-évaluation de leurs atouts, le manque d’expérience de travail et le réseau professionnel dans le pays d’accueil.
Nous avons testé nos hypothèses à travers deux études sur le terrain menées par questionnaire : l’une auprès de 227 employés nés au Canada et l’autre auprès de 237 employés immigrants. Nos résultats confirment la valeur de la théorie COR pour comprendre le lien positif entre la surqualification et l’intention de roulement parmi les employés nés au Canada et les employés immigrants et l’impact modérateur de l’équilibre travail-vie personnelle sur cette relation au sein de l’échantillon des immigrants seulement.
Compte tenu de la rareté des talents, les employeurs doivent mieux reconnaître et utiliser les compétences de leurs employés, qu’ils soient des locaux ou des immigrants. Ils devraient aussi aider leurs employés immigrants à mieux équilibrer leur travail et leur vie personnelle pour les retenir en emploi. En outre, les employeurs devraient fournir aux immigrants surqualifiés des ressources informatives, émotionnelles, instrumentales ou de suivi continu qui les aident à gérer leur vie quotidienne, à équilibrer les interactions travail-vie personnelle et, ultimement, à réduire leur intention de quitter.
Parties annexes
References
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