Résumés
Abstract
This study examines workplace corruption from the perspective of individual psychological processes. Existing literature has shown how corrupt behaviours can emerge from various kinds of motivations, including manipulation, retaliation, and conformity. This research suggests yet another path, where corruption stems from a motivation to preserve resources that individuals perceive to be threatened by their professional environment. As such, the study is grounded in conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001).
We put forward an original model that introduces the notion of resource signals. An enrichment of original COR theory, resource signals correspond to individuals’ perceptions that the work environment is supportive, or, otherwise, of their need for resource development and preservation. Specifically, the study tests a moderated mediation model where a sense of mastery, a personal resource, moderates the impact of resource signals, including distributive justice, procedural justice, and interpersonal trust, on occupational corruption.
Results are drawn from a sample of French public sector employees (n = 575). They validate the hypothesized mediating role of trust between both facets of organizational justice and measures of corruption, including bribery and property deviance. An indirect negative effect, however, is strongest between procedural justice and workplace corruption. As hypothesized, a sense of mastery significantly moderates the link between trust and both corruption types.
This research contributes to both theory and practice. By integrating resource signals within a COR framework, it shows that corrupt behaviours are to be gauged against interacting motivations for preserving psychological resources. Consequently, this study also suggests that organizations should go beyond ethics and procedures, and to consider workplace corruption as a potential symptom of organizational signals perceived as threats to individuals’ valued resources.
Keywords:
- workplace behaviour,
- organizational justice,
- interpersonal trust,
- sense of mastery,
- conservation of resources theory
Résumé
Cette étude examine la corruption au travail sous l’angle des processus psychologiques individuels. La littérature démontre que les comportements de corruption découlent de diverses motivations, tels la manipulation, les représailles et le conformisme. Cette recherche, fondée sur la théorie de la conservation des ressources (CDR, voir Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), propose une nouvelle voie, où la corruption résulte de la motivation des individus à préserver leurs ressources lorsqu’ils les jugent menacées par leur environnement professionnel.
Nous proposons un modèle original qui introduit la notion de « signaux de ressources » (resource signals en anglais). Ce concept, qui vient enrichir la théorie CDR, correspond à la perception des individus quant au soutien offert dans leur milieu de travail ou, sinon, au besoin de développer des ressources et de les préserver. Plus précisément, cette étude teste un modèle de médiation modérée dans lequel le sentiment de maîtrise, une ressource personnelle, modère l’impact des signaux de ressources (justice distributive, justice procédurale, confiance interpersonnelle) sur la corruption au travail.
Les résultats proviennent d’un échantillon d’employés du secteur public français (n = 575). Ils valident l’hypothèse du rôle médiateur de la confiance entre les différentes facettes de la justice organisationnelle et les mesures de la corruption, notamment le soudoiement et la déviance de propriété. Cependant, l’effet négatif indirect de la justice procédurale sur la corruption au travail est plus marqué. Conformément aux hypothèses formulées, le sentiment de maîtrise modère significativement le lien entre la confiance et les deux types de corruption.
Les apports de cette recherche sont théoriques et pratiques. L’intégration des signaux de ressources dans un modèle CDR montre la nécessité d’évaluer les comportements corrompus selon les motivations à préserver les ressources psychologiques. Corollairement, cette étude suggère aux organisations de dépasser le cadre de l’éthique et des procédures afin d’envisager la corruption comme un éventuel symptôme de la perception de signaux organisationnels menaçants pour les ressources individuelles.
Mots-clés:
- comportement au travail,
- justice organisationnelle,
- confiance interpersonnelle,
- sentiment de maîtrise,
- théorie de la conservation des ressources
Resumen
Este estudio examina la corrupción en el lugar de trabajo desde la perspectiva de los procesos sicológicos individuales. La literatura demuestra que los comportamientos corruptos pueden surgir de diversos tipos de motivaciones, como la manipulación, las represalias y el conformismo. Esta investigación, basada en la teoría de la conservación de los recursos (CDR) (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001), sugiere una vía adicional, en la que la corrupción surge de una motivación para preservar recursos que las personas perciben como amenazados por su entorno profesional.
Proponemos un modelo original que introduce el concepto de señales de recursos, lo que constituye un enriquecimiento de la teoría original de la CDR. Las señales de recursos corresponden a las percepciones individuales del ambiente de trabajo, considerándolo favorable o desfavorable a sus respectivas necesidades de desarrollo y preservación de sus respectivos recursos individuales. Más específicamente, este estudio evalúa un modelo de mediación moderada donde un sentido de control, un recurso personal, modera el impacto de las señales de recursos (justicia distributiva, justicia procesal, confianza interpersonal) en la corrupción ocupacional.
Los resultados provenientes de una muestra de empleados del sector público francés (n = 575) validan la hipótesis del rol mediador de la confianza entre ambas facetas de la justicia organizacional y las medidas de corrupción como el soborno y apropiación indebida. Sin embargo, el efecto negativo indirecto de la justicia procesal en la corrupción ocupacional es más pronunciado. De acuerdo con las hipótesis formuladas, la sensación de control modera significativamente el vínculo entre la confianza y ambos tipos de corrupción.
Los aportes de esta investigación son teóricos y prácticos. Con la integración de las señales de recursos en un modelo de CDR se demuestra que los comportamientos corruptos deben ser medidos tomando en cuenta las motivaciones de preservación de los recursos sicológicos y sus interacciones. Como corolario, este estudio también sugiere que las organizaciones deberían ir más allá del marco de la ética y los procedimientos, y considerar la corrupción ocupacional como un síntoma potencial de las señales organizacionales percibidas como amenazas a los recursos individuales valorizados.
Palabras claves:
- comportamiento en el trabajo,
- justicia organizacional,
- confianza interpersonal,
- sensación de control,
- teoría de la conservación de recursos
Parties annexes
References
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