Résumés
Abstract
This paper explores how young Syrian refugees in Jordan who have grown up using information and new communication technologies are using the internet as a private space where emotions and practices regarding intimate and marital life are expressed. We explore how new technologies and social media are influencing refugees’ perceptions and experiences of marriage and divorce during displacement. Based on in-depth interviews with rural Syrian women from Deraa province living in northern Jordan, our research sheds light on the multi-faceted ways these women embrace emerging technologies. Furthermore, we demonstrate how technology influences gender-specific narratives and practices around marriage and divorce.
Keywords:
- refugees,
- marriage,
- divorce,
- digital technologies,
- mobile phones,
- forced migration
Résumé
Cet article explore la manière dont les jeunes réfugiés syriens en Jordanie, qui ont grandi en utilisant les technologies de l’information et de la communication, se servent d’Internet comme d’un espace privé où s’expriment les émotions et les pratiques relatives à la vie intime et conjugale. Nous nous penchons sur la manière dont les nouvelles technologies et les médias sociaux influencent les perceptions et les expériences des réfugiés en matière de mariage et de divorce au cours de leur déplacement. À partir d’entretiens approfondis avec des femmes syriennes rurales de la province de Deraa vivant dans le nord de la Jordanie, notre recherche met en lumière les multiples façons dont ces femmes adoptent les technologies émergentes. En outre, nous démontrons comment la technologie influence les récits et les pratiques genrées autour du mariage et du divorce.
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Biographical notes
Ruba Al Akash is a Director of the Refugees, Displaced Persons and Forced Migration Studies Center at Yarmouk University in Jordan. She can be reached at ruba.akash@yu.edu.jo.
Marina de Regt is an Associate Professor in the Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology at the University of Amsterdam. She can be reached at m.c.de.regt@vu.nl.
Siham Al Masri was a Research Assistant at the SRHR Jordan project Syrian Refugee Youth in Jordan: Early Marriages in Perspective. She can be reached at rubaabd@hotmail.com.
Bibliography
- Abbara, A., Blanchet, K., Sahloul, Z., Fouad, F., Coutts, A., & Maziak, W. (2015). The effect of the conflict on Syria’s health system and human resources for health. World Health and Population, 16(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.12927/whp.2015.24318
- Al Akash, R., & Chalmiers, M. A. (2021). Early marriage among Syrian refugees in Jordan: Exploring contested meanings through ethnography. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 29(1), 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2021.2004637
- Alencar, A. (2020). Mobile communication and refugees: An analytical review of academic literature. Sociology Compass, 14(8), Article e12802. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12802
- Archambault, J. S. (2013). Cruising through uncertainty: Cell phones and the politics of display and disguise in Inhambane, Mozambique. American Ethnologist, 40(1), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12007
- Chalmiers, M. A. (2021). “Life is tight here”: Displacement and desire amongst Syrian refugee women in Jordan. Anthropology of the Middle East, 16(1), 49–69. https://doi.org/10.3167/ame.2021.160104
- Doron, A. (2012). Mobile persons: Cell phones, gender and the self in north India. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 13(5), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2012.726253
- Elliott, A., & Urry, J. (2010). Mobile lives. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203887042
- Gorczeski, V. (2019). Freedom of expression and right to justice: How Syrian organizations should use the internet to achieve their goals under a civil war. (MTA Law Working Papers 2019/13). Hungarian Academy of Sciences. https://real.mtak.hu/121684/1/2019_13_Gorczeski.pdf
- Greene, A. (2019). Mobiles and “making do”: Exploring the affective, digital practices of refugee women waiting in Greece. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 23(5), 731–748. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549419869346
- Higher Population Council. (2018, April 12). Policy brief: Child marriage in Jordan 2017. Government of Jordan. https://reliefweb.int/report/jordan/policy-brief-child-marriage-jordan-2017
- Horst, H., & Miller, D. (2020). The cell phone: An anthropology of communication. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003086949
- Huang, J. Q. (2018). Digital aspirations: “Wrong-number” mobile-phone relationships and experimental ethics among women entrepreneurs in rural Bangladesh. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 24(1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12754
- Kraemer, D. (2017). “Do you have a mobile?” Mobile phone practices and the refashioning of social relationships in Port Vila Town. The Australian Journal of Anthropology, 28(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/taja.12165
- Mahmood, S. (2005), Politics of piety: The Islamic revival and the subject of feminism. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvct00cf
- McIntyre, A. (2007). Participatory action research. Sage Publications.
- Miller, D., & Slater, D. (2020). The internet: An ethnographic approach. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003087007
- Mourtada, R., & Salem, F. (2011). Civil movements: The impact of Facebook and Twitter. Arab Social Media Report, 1(2), 1–30. https://journalistsresource.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/DSG_Arab_Social_Media_Report_No_2.pdf
- Nagy, P., & Neff, G. (2015). Imagined affordance: Reconstructing a keyword for communication theory. Social Media + Society, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115603385
- Save the Children. (2014). Too young to wed: The growing problem of child marriage among Syrian girls in Jordan. https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/document/too-young-wed-growing-problem-child-marriage-among-syrian-girls-jordan/
- Sibona, H. (2021). “A mobile phone is like a friendship. It depends from person to person how it is used”: Mobile phone relationships among low-income women in urban Bangladesh. Contemporary South Asia, 29(3), 446–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2021.1957778
- Stark, L. (2018). Early marriage and cultural constructions of adulthood in two slums in Dar es Salaam. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 20(8), 888–901. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2017.1390162
- Tobin, S. A., Knudsen, A. J., Momani, F. A., Al-Yakoub, T., & Al-Jarrah, R. (2021, April 21), Figurations of displacement in and beyond Jordan: Empirical findings and reflections on protracted displacement and translocal connections of Syrian refugees (TRAFIG Working Paper no. 6). Transnational Figurations of Displacement. https://reliefweb.int/report/jordan/trafig-working-paper-no-6-figurations-displacement-and-beyond-jordan-empirical
- Twigt, M. A. (2018). The mediation of hope: Digital technologies and affective affordances within Iraqi refugee households in Jordan. Social Media + Society, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118764426
- UNHCR. (2016). Connecting refugees: How internet and mobile connectivity can improve refugee well-being and transform humanitarian action. https://www.unhcr.org/5770d43c4.pdf
- UNHCR. (2023, October). Total registered Syrian refugees. Operational Data Portal. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria/location/36
- UNICEF. (2014). A study on early marriage in Jordan 2014. UN Children’s Fund. https://reliefweb.int/report/jordan/study-early-marriage-jordan-2014
- Van Raemdonck, A. (2020, August 27). How to do participatory action research (PAR) in refugee settings. Dutch Research Council. https://www.nwo.nl/en/cases/how-to-do-participatory-action-research-par-in-refugee-settings
- Van Raemdonck, A. (2021). A desire for normality: (Early) marriage among Syrian refugees in Jordan between waiting and home‐making. Social Anthropology/Anthropologie sociale, 29(1), 174–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12989
- Van Raemdonck, A., & de Regt, M. (2020). Early marriage in perspective: Practicing an ethics of dialogue with Syrian refugees in Jordan. Progress in Development Studies, 20(4), 312–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993420977774
- Wallis, C. (2011). Mobile phones without guarantees: The promises of technology and the contingencies of culture. New Media & Society, 13(3), 471–485. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810393904
- Wilding, R. (2006). “Virtual” intimacies? Families communicating across transnational contexts. Global Networks, 6(2), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0374.2006.00137.x
- Witteborn, S. (2018). The digital force in forced migration: Imagined affordances and gendered practices. Popular Communication, 16(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/15405702.2017.1412442
- Zbeidy, D. (2020). Marriage, displacement and refugee futures: Marriage as aspiration among Syrian refugees in Jordan. Etnofoor, 32(1), 61–76. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26924850