Résumés
Résumé
De nombreux chercheurs en psychométrie soutiennent que le coefficient alpha de Cronbach (1951) n’est pas une mesure adéquate de la fidélité (reliability) d’un test. C’est dans l’optique d’améliorer les pratiques d’analyse de données que ce court article va présenter les fondements théoriques de la fidélité, synthétiser les principales limites de l’alpha en plus de présenter de façon concise deux alternatives très prometteuses: le great lower bound et l’omega. Des logiciels gratuits et en téléchargement libre sont mentionnés pour obtenir un estimé de ces coefficients.
Mots-clés :
- Fidélité,
- coefficient alpha,
- coefficient omega,
- coefficient glb,
- logiciel en téléchargement libre
Abstract
Many researchers in psychometrics argue that Cronbach’s alpha (1951) is not an adequate measure of reliability. It is with the idea to improve data analysis practices that this short article will present the theoretical foundations of reliability, summarize the main limits of Cronbach’s alpha, and concisely present two promising alternatives: great lower bound and omega. Open softwares are mentioned to show how to obtain an estimate of these coefficients.
Keywords:
- Reliability,
- alpha coefficient,
- omega coefficient,
- glb coefficient,
- open software
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Bentler, P. M. (2017). Specificity-enhanced reliability coefficients. Psychological Methods, 22, 527-540 doi: 10.1037/met0000092
- Bertrand, R. et Blais, J.-G. (2004). Modèle de mesure : l’apport de la théorie de la réponse aux items. Québec, QC : Presses de l’Université du Québec.
- Buckingham, B. R., McCall, W. A., Otis, A.S., Rugg, H. O., Trabue, M. R. et Courtis, S. A. (1921). Report of the standardization committee. Journal of Educational Research, 4, 78-80.
- Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334.
- Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., et Brunsden, V. (2013). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105, 399-412. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12046
- Friedenberg, L. (1995). Psychological testing: Design, analysis, and use. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
- Gadermann, A. M., Guhn, M. et Zumbo, B. D. (2012). Estimating ordinal reliability for Likert-type and ordinal item response data: A conceptual, empirical, and practical guide. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 17, 1–13.
- Green, S.A. et Yang, Y. (2009a). Commentary on coefficient alpha: a cautionary tale. Psychometrika. doi: 10.1007/s11336-008-9098-4.
- Guilford, J. P. et Fruchter, B. (1973). Fundamental statistics in psychology and education (5e édition). New York: McGraww-Hill.
- Guttman, L. (1945). A basis for analyzing test-retest reliability. Psychometrika, 10, 255– 282.
- Jackson, P. H. et Agunwamba, C. C. (1977). Lower bounds for the reliability of the total score on a test composed of non-homogeneous items: I: Algebraic lower bounds. Psychometrika, 42, 567–578. doi: 10.1007/BF02295979
- Kelley, K. (2017). MBESS: The MBESS R Package. R package version 4.4.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=MBESS
- Kelley, K. et Pornprasertmanit, S. (2016). Confidence intervals for population reliability coefficients: Evaluation of methods, recommendations, and software for composite measures. Psychological methods, 21, 69-92, doi: 0.1037/a0040086
- Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3e éd.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
- Laveault, D. (2012). Soixante ans de bons et mauvais usages du alpha de Cronbach. Mesure et évaluation en éducation 35, 1–7. doi: 10.7202/1024716ar
- Lazarsfeld, P. F. (1959). Latent structure analysis. Dans S. Koch: Psychology: a study on a science, 3, New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Lord, F. M., et Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical theories of mental test scores. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley
- Martineau, G. (1982). Exploration des valeurs possibles du coefficient α de Cronbach. Revue des sciences de l’Éducation, 8, 135-143.
- McDonald, R. P. (1985). Factor analysis and related methods. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- McNeish, D. (2017, May 29). Thanks coefficient alpha, we’ll take it from here. Psychological Methods. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1037/met0000144
- Miller, M. B. (1995). Coefficient alpha: A basic introduction from the perspectives of classical test theory and structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling, 2, 255-273.
- Revelle, W. (2017) psych: Procedures for Personality and Psychological Research., Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/psych Version = 1.7.8.
- Revelle, W. (en préparation). An introduction to psychometric theory with applications in R. URL: https://www.personality-project.org/r/book/
- Revelle, W., et Zinbarg, R. E. (2009). Coefficients Alpha, Beta, Omega, and the glb: Comments on Sijtsma. Psychometrika, 74, 145–154. doi: 10.1007/s11336-008-9102-z
- Shapiro, A. et ten Berge, J. M. (2000). The asymptotic bias of minimum trace factor analysis, with applications to the greatest lower bound to reliability. Psychometrika, 65, 413–425.
- Sijtsma, K. (2009). On the use, the misuse, and the very limited usefulness of cronbach’s alpha. Psychometrika, 74, 107–120. doi: 10.1007/s11336-008-9101-0
- Tavakol, M. et Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International journal of Medical Education, 2, 53-55.
- Trizano-Hermosilla, I. et Alvarado, J. M. (2016). Best alternatives to cronbach’s alpha reliability in realistic conditions: Congeneric and Asymmetrical Measure-ments. Frontiers in psychology, 26, 769. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00769
10.7202/1024716ar