Résumés
Abstract
Friedrich Nietzsche is generally considered the precursor of postmodern philosophy (Erickson 2001: 84), the basis of which are: Antichrist (rejection of all attachment to God) and a call for a re-evaluation of all values, a negation of conventional metaphysics, an insistence on perspectivism, a rejection of Enlightenment rationality and the advocation of will to power. Nietzsche’s postmodern philosophy and his thought on translation play a fundamental role in postmodern translation studies, uncrowning the author as God of the text, liberating the translator, and enlarging the space of multi interpretative signifiers. Meanwhile, his insights have helped extricate translators from ethical questions about their re-creativity, encourage them to develop a translator’s subjectivity and consequently broaden the horizon of translation studies. Such radical thoughts as perspectivism in interpretation, re-evaluation of Christian values, a historical sense of the past, and the conquest of the Ancient, especially by translation, can also be applied to his thoughts on translation (studies), though not so systematic as they are, initiating an inspiring postmodern approach to translation studies, and exerting a lasting and profound influence on his followers like Heidegger, Gadamer, Benjamin, Pound, Derrida, Steiner, Lefevere, Venuti, etc. An elaborative review of Nietzsche’s insightful ideas as such should clarify the genealogy of postmodern translation studies in general.
Keywords:
- Nietzsche,
- postmodern philosophy,
- postmodern translation studies,
- perspectivism,
- precursor
Résumé
En termes d’études postmodernes de traduction, le précurseur le plus reconnu est sans doute Friedrich Nietzsche (Erickson 2001 : 84), dont la pensée philosophique postmoderne se manifeste principalement sous ces formes : Antéchrist (rejet de tout attachement à Dieu), appel à une réévaluation de toutes les valeurs, négation de la métaphysique conventionnelle, insistance sur le perspectivisme, rejet de la rationalité des Lumières, valorisation de la volonté de puissance. La pensée philosophique de Nietzsche ainsi que ses réflexions sur la traduction jouent un rôle très important dans les études postmodernes de traduction, en détrônant l’auteur en tant que Dieu du texte, en libérant le traducteur et en ouvrant l’espace signifiant à la multi-potentialité interprétative. En même temps, ses idées visionnaires ont aidé les traducteurs à se délivrer de la remise en question éthique de leur re-créativité/réécriture, à les encourager à mettre en jeu leur subjectivité de traducteur et, partant, à élargir l’horizon des études en traduction. Les idées principales de Nietzsche, telles que le perspectivisme dans l’interprétation, la réévaluation des valeurs chrétiennes, le sens historique du passé et, notamment, la conquête des Anciens par la traduction, se sont réfractées aussi dans ses réflexions sur (les études de) la traduction. Bien qu’elles ne soient pas tellement systématiques, celles-ci ont ouvert la voie à une approche postmoderne en matière d’études de traduction et ont exercé une influence durable et profonde sur ses partisans, comme Heidegger, Gadamer, Benjamin, Pound, Derrida, Steiner, Lefebvre, Venuti, etc. Une investigation rétrospective sur les idées perspicaces de Nietzsche pourra sans doute nous aider à clarifier la filiation généalogique des études de traduction postmodernes.
Mots-clés :
- Nietzsche,
- philosophie postmoderne,
- études de traduction postmodernes,
- perspectivisme,
- précurseur
Resumen
A Friedrich Nietzsche se le considera el precursor de la filosofía posmoderna (Erickson 2001: 84) lo cual se manifiesta en la negación de Dios; esto da lugar a una reevaluación de todos los valores, a la negación de la metafísica convencional y la proposición del perspectivismo y deja a un lado la racionalidad de la comprensión y la afirmación de la voluntad del poder. La filosofía posmoderna de Nietzsche y su pensamiento sobre la traducción juegan un papel muy importante en los estudios de traducción posmodernos al destronar al autor como el dios del texto, liberando al traductor y ampliando el espacio de significantes multi-interpretativos. Sus ideas han sido de gran utilidad a la hora de liberar a los traductores de la necesidad ética de cuestionarse su capacidad para la creatividad / reescritura, impulsando no solo el desarrollo de la subjetividad traductológica sino también lo posible en los estudios de traducción. Estas ideas radicales, tales como el perspectivismo en la interpretación, la reevaluación de los valores cristianos, el sentido histórico del pasado y la conquista de lo Antiguo especialmente a través de la traducción, también aplicada a su pensamiento sobre la traducción (y los estudios de traducción), aunque no de forma tan sistemática han dado lugar a un acercamiento posmoderno a los estudios de traducción y han ejercido una profunda influencia sobre seguidores como Heidegger, Gadamer, Benjamin, Pound, Derrida, Steiner, Lefevere, Venuti, etc. Una nueva mirada a las trascendentes ideas de Nietzsche puede servir para clarificar la genealogía de los estudios de traducción posmodernos.
Palabras clave:
- Nietzsche,
- filosofía posmoderna,
- estudios de traducción posmodernos,
- perspectivismo,
- precursor
Parties annexes
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