Résumés
Abstract
In this article we combine the frameworks provided by Imagology and Translation Studies in order to analyze how translation can work as a tool of image formation and manipulation. Our paper focuses on the main features of the image of Irish national identity as it is represented in Brian Friel’s play Translations and on the way these features have been translated into Catalan. Through a contrastive analysis of the source text and the target text, we examine the changes to these features that occurred during the translation process and the impact they have had on the constitution of the image of Irishness in the Catalan culture. We then consider the relationship established in the target culture between the self-image of Catalan national identity and the hetero-image of the Irish one. Finally, we propose a refinement of the taxonomy commonly used to describe images of national identities and their relationship of reciprocity or opposition.
Keywords:
- imagology,
- theatre translation,
- national identity,
- Catalan culture,
- Brian Friel
Résumé
Dans cet article, nous combinons les cadres fournis par l’imagologie et les études de traduction afin d’analyser comment la traduction peut fonctionner comme un outil de formation et de manipulation d’images. Notre article se concentre sur les principales caractéristiques de l’image de l’identité nationale irlandaise telle qu’elle est représentée dans la pièce de théâtre Translations de Brian Friel et sur la manière dont ces caractéristiques ont été traduites en catalan. Par une analyse contrastive du texte source et du texte cible, nous examinons les changements survenus dans ces caractéristiques au cours du processus de traduction et l’impact qu’ils ont eu sur la constitution de l’image de la culture irlandaise dans la culture catalane. Nous considérons ensuite la relation qui s’établit dans la culture cible entre l’auto-image de l’identité nationale catalane et l’hétéro-image de l’identité nationale irlandaise. Enfin, nous proposons un affinement de la taxonomie communément utilisée pour décrire les images des identités nationales et leur relation de réciprocité ou d’opposition.
Mots-clés :
- imagologie,
- traduction de théâtre,
- identitée nationale,
- culture catalane,
- Brian Friel
Resumen
En el presente artículo se combinan los marcos teóricos de la Imagología y de los Estudios de Traducción para analizar la función que puede tener la traducción como instrumento manipulador y formador de imágenes. Nuestro estudio se centra en los principales rasgos de la imagen de la identidad nacional irlandesa tal como es representada en la obra Translations del dramaturgo Brian Friel, y en la manera como estos rasgos han sido traducidos al catalán. Mediante un análisis contrastivo de los textos de partida y meta analizamos los cambios que han sufrido dichos rasgos durante el proceso de traducción y el impacto que han tenido sobre la construcción de la imagen de lo irlandés en la cultura catalana. A continuación reflexionamos sobre la relación que se establece en la cultura meta entre la auto-imagen de la identidad nacional catalana y la hetero-imagen de la identidad nacional irlandesa, para, finalmente, proponer un ajuste en la taxonomía utilizada normalmente para describir las imágenes de identidad nacional y las relaciones de reciprocidad o de oposición que entablan.
Palabras clave:
- imagología,
- traducción teatral,
- identidad nacional,
- cultura catalana,
- Brian Friel
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Aaltonen, Sirkku (2000): Time-sharing on Stage. Drama translation in Theatre and Society. Clevendon: Multilingual Matters.
- Aaltonen, Sirkku (2013): Theatre translation as performance.Target. 25(3):385-406.
- Alsina Keith, Victòria and Giugliano, Marcello (2018): Creation and Manipulation in the Catalan Version of Translations by Brian Friel. In: Mariagrazia De Meo and Emilia Di Martino, eds. Translation and Creativity: Readers, Writers, Processes. Canterano: Aracne Editrice, 175-200.
- Andrews, John H. (1992): Notes for a Future Edition of Brian Friel’s Translations. Irish Review. 13:93-108.
- Andrews, John H. (1975): A Paper Landscape. The Ordnance Survey in Nineteenth-Century Ireland. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
- Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth, and Tiffin, Helen (1989): The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. London/New York: Routledge.
- Bassnett, Susan (1985): Ways through the labyrinth: Strategies and methods for translating theatre texts. In: Theo Hermans, ed. The Manipulation of Literature: Studies in Literary Translation. London: Croom Helm, 87-103.
- Bassnett, Susan (1998): Still trapped in the labyrinth: Further reflections on translation and theatre. In: Susan Bassnett and André Lefevere, eds. Constructing Cultures. Clevendon: Multilingua Matters, 90-108.
- Beller, Manfred (2012): Die Technik des Vergleichs in der Imagologie [The technique of comparison in imagology]. In: Davor Dukić, ed. Imagology Today: Achievements, Challenges, Perspectives / Imagologie heute: Ergebnisse, Herausforerungen, Perspektiven. Bonn: Bouvier, 39-51.
- Beller, Manfred and Leerssen, Joep (2007): Imagology:The Cultural Contruction and Literary Representation of National Character. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
- Bhabha, Homi K. (1990): Nation and Narration. London/New York: Routledge.
- Binnie, Eric (1991): Friel and Field Day. In: John P. Harrington, ed. Modern Irish Drama. New York/London: W. W. Norton, 564-570.
- Blažević, Zrinka (2012): Imagining historical imagology: possibilities and perspectives of Transdisciplinary/Translational epistemology. In: Davor Dukić, ed. Imagology Today: Achievements Challenges Perspectives / Imagologie heute: Ergebnisse, Herausforderungen, Perspektiven. Bonn: Bouvier, 101-113.
- Boltwood, Scott (2007): Brian Friel, Ireland and the North. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Brodie, Geraldine (2018): The Translator on Stage. New York: Bloomsbury.
- Brannigan, John (2000): Note on the text. In: Brian Friel, ed. Translations. London: Longman/York Press, 5-8.
- Butler, Judith (1990/2010): Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London/New York: Routledge.
- Casanova, Pascale (2004): The World Republic of Letters. (Translated from French by Malcolm B. DeBevoise) Cambridge/London: Harvard University Press.
- Connelly, Sean (1987): Dreaming History: Brian Friel’s Translations. Theatre Ireland. 13:42-44.
- Cronin, Michel (1998): The Cracked Looking Glass of Servants. Translation and Minority Languages in a Global Age. The Translator. 4(1):145-162.
- Cronin, Michel (2003): Translation and Globalization. London/New York: Routledge.
- Curran, Beverly (2007): Theatre Translation Theory and Performance in Contemporary Japan: Native Voices, Foreign Bodies. Manchester: St. Jerome.
- Deaux, Kay (2002): Social identity. In: Judith Worell, ed. Encyclopaedia of Women and Gender. Vol. 1. San Diego: Academic Press, 1059-1068.
- Ditze, Stephan-Alexander (2006): America and the Americans in Postwar British Fiction. An Imagological Study of Selected Novels. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter.
- Dyserinck, Hugo (1977/1991): Komparatistik: Eine Einführung [Comparative literature: an introduction]. Bonn: Bouvier.
- Flynn, Peter, Leerssen, Joep, and vanDoorslaer, Luc (2016): On translated images, stereotypes and disciplines. In: Luc vanDoorslaer, Peter Flynn, and Jeop Leerssen, eds. Interconnecting Translation Studies and Imagology. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1-18.
- Gaviña Costero, María (2010): Agur, Eire, agur… Una particular traducción de Translations.Quaderns de Filologia. Estudis literaris. XV:55-68.
- GaviñaCostero, María (2011): Érase una Vez Ballybeg: La Obra Dramática de Brian Friel y su Repercusión en España. Doctoral dissertation, unpublished. Valencia: Universitat de Valencia.
- Gleason, Philip (1983): Identifying identity: A semantic history. The Journal of American History. 69(49):910-931.
- Heaney, Seamus (1991): Review of Translations. In: John P. Harrington, ed. Modern Irish Drama. New York/London: W. W. Norton, 557-559.
- Hermans, Theo (1985): The Manipulation of Literature: Studies in Literary Translation. London: Croom Helm.
- Howe, Stephen (2002): Ireland and Empire: Colonial Legacies in Irish History and Culture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Jenkins, Richard (1996/2008): Social Identity. London/New York: Routledge.
- Kelly, Aaron (2008): Twentieth Century Irish Literature: A Reader’s Guide to Essential Criticism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Kuran-Burçoğlu, Nedret (2000): At the crossroads of Translation Studies and imagology. In: Andrew Chesterman, Natividad Gallardo San Salvador, and Yves Gambier, eds. Translation in Context. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 143-151.
- Leerssen, Joep (2012): Walloon self-articulation: Imagology and the self-image of regional or nationalist movements. In: Davor Dukić, ed. Imagology Today: Achievements Challenges Perspectives / Imagologie heute: Ergebnisse, Herausforderungen, Perspektiven. Bonn: Bouvier, 53-64.
- Leerssen, Joep (2016): Imagology: On using ethnicity to make sense of the world. Iberic@l, Revue d’études ibériques et ibéro-américaines. 10:13-31.
- Leerssen, Joep (2018): Theatre as a Moral Institution: Twentieth-Century Ireland. In: Suze van der Poll and, Rod van der Zalm, eds. Reconsidering National Plays in Europe. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Longley, Edna (1985): Poetry and Politics in Northern Ireland. The Crane Bag. 9(1):28-29.
- Longley, Edna (1994): The Living Stream: Literature and Revisionism in Ireland. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Bloodaxe.
- MacGrath, Francis C. (1989): Irish Babel: Brian Friel’s Translations and George Steiner’s After Babel. Comparative Drama. 23(1):31-49.
- Mandler, Peter (2006): What is “National Identity”? Definitions and applications in modern British historiography. Modern Intellectual History. 3(2):271-297.
- Marinetti, Cristina (2013): Translation and theatre: From performance to performativity. Target. 25(3):307-320.
- McGuffin, John (1978/1999): In praise of poteen. Belfast: Appletree Press.
- Newmark, Peter (1988): A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall.
- Pageaux, Daniel-Henri (1995): Recherche sur l’imagologie: de l’Histoire culturelle à la Poétique. Revista de Filología Francesa. 8:135-146.
- Pavis, Patrice (1992): Theatre at the Crossroads of Cultures. (Translated from French by Loren Kruger) London/New York: Routledge.
- Pilkington, Lionel (1990): Language and Politics in Brian Friel’s “Translations.” Irish University Review. 20(2):282-298.
- Richards, Shaun (2005): Irish studies and the adequacy of theory: The case of Brian Friel. The Yearbook of English Studies. 35:264-278.
- Royo Grasa, María del Pilar (2011): Towards the fifth province: Brian Friel’s Translations of stereotypes. Odisea. 12:205-215.
- Sellent, Joan (2015): Jocs de llenguatge en escena [Language games on stage]. Caplletra. 58(primavera):225-234.
- Soenen, Johan (1992): Imagology and translation. Some considerations on the repercussions of one-sided, stereotyped images on the way foreign literature is translated. Linguistica Antverpiensia. 26:127-139.
- Sorge, Veit (1998): Literarische Länderbilder in Liedern Wolf Biermanns und Wladimir Wyssozkis: Ein imagologischer Vergleich an Liedtexten der Autor-Interpreten aus den Jahren 1960 bis 1980 Literary country images in songs by Wolf Biermann and Vladimir Wyssozki: an imagological comparison of song texts by the author-interpreters from 1960 to 1980]. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
- Steiner, George (1975/1992): After Babel. Aspects of Language and Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Sturgeon, Sinead (2006): The Politics of Poitín: Maria Edgeworth, William Carleton, and the Battle for the Spirit of Ireland. Irish Studies Review. 14(4):431-45.
- Szabo, Carmen (2007): “Clearing the Ground.” The Field Day Theatre Company and the Construction of Irish Identities. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Tarantini, Angela Tiziana (2017): Still trapped in the labyrinth: Further reflections on translation and theatre. Doctoral dissertation, unpublished. Melbourne: Monash University.
- Upton, Carol-Anne, ed. (2000): Moving Target. Theatre Translation and Cultural Relocation. London/New York: Routledge.
- vanDoorslaer, Luc, Flynn, Peter, and Leerssen, Joep (2016): Interconnecting Translation Studies and Imagology. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.