Résumés
Abstract
Censorship and translation is a topic that has received substantial attention in academic circles in recent years. Although much of the research has focused on the interrelationship between these two areas, censorship systems and their influence on audiovisual translation, especially digital games localisation, has not been fully examined within the scope of translation studies. This article aims to fill that gap by investigating censorial operations on digital games against the socio-cultural background of Mainland China. It will provide an overview of the Chinese censorship system, with a particular focus on the censoring authorities, their reviewing procedures and methods, including the regulations and standards on game content. It questions the extent to which censorship influences games localisation in practice and concludes that game localisers tend to perform stringent self-censorship when the censorship system itself lacks transparency.
Keywords:
- censorship,
- video games,
- digital games,
- localisation,
- China
Résumé
Au cours des dernières années, les interrelations entre censure et traduction ont fortement attiré l’attention des chercheurs universitaires qui leur ont consacré de nombreuses recherches. Toutefois, les systèmes de censure et leur influence sur la traduction audiovisuelle, principalement sur la localisation de jeux électroniques, n’ont pas encore été analysés en profondeur d’un point de vue traductologique. Le présent article vise à combler cette lacune par l’examen des opérations de censure menées sur les jeux électroniques dans le contexte socioculturel de la Chine continentale. Il présentera le système de censure chinois, en mettant l’accent sur les autorités de censure, leurs méthodes et leurs procédures, ainsi que les normes et les réglementations en matière de contenu des jeux. Il examinera ensuite l’étendue de l’influence de la censure sur la localisation des jeux dans la pratique et conclura que les professionnels de la localisation tendent à opter pour une rigoureuse autocensure lorsque le système de censure manque de transparence.
Mots-clés :
- censure,
- jeux vidéo,
- jeux électroniques,
- localisation,
- Chine
Parties annexes
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Billiani, Francesca (2007a): Assessing Boundaries: Censorship and Translation. An Introduction. In: Francesca Billiani, ed. Modes of Censorship and Translation. National Contexts and Diverse Media. Manchester: St. Jerome, 1-25.
- Billiani, Francesca, ed. (2007b): Modes of Censorship and Translation. National Contexts and Diverse Media. Manchester: St. Jerome.
- Brownlie, Siobhan (2007): Examining Self-Censorship. Zola’s Nana in English Translation. In: Francesca Billiani, ed. Modes of Censorship and Translation. National Contexts and Diverse Media. Manchester: St. Jerome, 205-234.
- Gambier, Yves (2002): Les censures dans la traduction audiovisuelle. TTR. 15(2):203-222.
- Kuhiwczak, Piotr (2009): Censorship as a Collaborative Project: a Systemic Approach. In: Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, Cormac Ó Cuilleanáin and David Parris, eds. Translation and Censorship: Patterns of Communication and Interference. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 46-56.
- Merkle, Denise, ed. (2002): Special Issue: Censure et traduction dans le monde occidental / Censorship and Translation in the Western World.TTR. 15(2).
- Merkle, Denise, O’Sullivan, Carol, Van Doorslaer, Luc, et al., eds. (2010): The Power of the Pen. Translation & Censorship in Nineteenth-century Europe. Vienna: Lit-Verlag.
- Ní Chuilleanáin, Eiléan, Ó Cuilleanáin, Cormac and Parris, David (2009a): Introduction. In: Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, Cormac Ó Cuilleanáin and David Parris, eds. Translation and Censorship: Patterns of Communication and Interference. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 9-23.
- Ní Chuilleanáin, Eiléan, Ó Cuilleanáin, Cormac and Parris, David, eds. (2009b): Translation and Censorship: Patterns of Communication and Interference. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
- Seruya, Teresa, ed. (2008): Translation and Censorship in Different Times and Landscapes. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
- Tymoczko, Maria (2009): Censorship and Self-Censorship in Translation: Ethics and Ideology, Resistance and Collusion. In: Eiléan Ní Chuilleanáin, Cormac Ó Cuilleanáin and David Parris, eds. Translation and Censorship: Patterns of Communication and Interference. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 24-45.
- Wolf, Michaela (2002): Censorship as Cultural Blockage: Banned Literature in the Late Habsburg Monarchy. In: Denise Merkle, ed. Special Issue: Censure et traduction dans le monde occidental / Censorship and Translation in the Western World. TTR. 15(12):45-61.
- Zhang, Xiaochun (2008): ‘Harmonious’ games localization for China. MultiLingual. October/November:47-50.
10.7202/007485ar