Résumés
Abstract
After a brief revision of the major currents of thought and grammatical models in the history of CS (Contrastive Studies), a method of analysis suitable for corpus-based descriptive studies across languages is presented and discussed in this paper. As an alternative to translation corpora, the use of comparable corpora is advocated and put into practice in a large-scale research on a particular semantic function, quantification, and its expression in two languages, English and Spanish. The different phases of the process are explained and a summary of achievements is provided. The ultimate purpose of the paper is to contribute to the strengthening of the discipline by offering new results about one pair of languages and by suggesting a methodology that can be broadly applied to different semantic fields and pairs of languages.
Keywords/Mots-clés:
- contrastive studies (CS),
- comparable corpora,
- methodology,
- quantification,
- semantic functions
Résumé
Après une brève révision des principaux courants de pensée et des modèles grammaticaux dans l’histoire des Études Comparées, nous présentons une méthode d’analyse appropriée aux études descriptives fondées sur un corpus. Nous avons utilisé un « corpus comparable » pour une recherche sur une fonction sémantique, la quantification, et sur son expression dans deux langues, l’anglais et l’espagnol. Les différentes phases du processus sont expliquées et un sommaire des résultats est exposé. Le but final de l’article est de contribuer au renforcement de la discipline grâce à l’apport de résultats sur une paire de langues et à celui d’une méthodologie qui peut être appliquée à des champs sémantiques différents et à des paires de langues.
Parties annexes
References
- Aijmer, K., Altenberg, B. and M. Johansson (eds.). (1996): Languages in Contrast. Papers from a Symposium on Text-based Cross-linguistics Studies, Lund 4-5 March 1994, Lund, Lund University Press.
- Alarcos, E. (1982): Estudios de gramática funcional del español, Madrid: Gredos.
- Alarcos, E. (1994): Gramática de la lengua española, Madrid, Espasa Calpe.
- Bello, A. (1981): Gramática de la lengua castellana, Tenerife, Instituto Universitario de Lingüística.
- Berry, R. (1997): Determiners and Quantifiers, Glasgow, Collins Cobuild.
- Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G. Conrad, S. and E. Finegan (1999): Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English, London, Longman.
- Bloomfield, L. (1933): Language, London, Allen & Unwin.
- Bondarko, A. V. (1991): Functional Grammar. A Field Approach, Amsterdam/Philadelphia, Benjamins.
- Bosque, I. and V. Demonte (eds.) (1999): Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, Madrid, Espasa.
- Catford, J. (1965): A Linguistic Theory of Translation, London, O.U.P.
- Chesterman, A. (1998): Contrastive Functional Analysis. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia, Benjamins.
- Chitoran, D. (ed.) (1976): Second International Conference of English Contrastive Projects. Bucharest, University Press.
- Chomsky, N. (1957): Syntactic Structures. The Hague, Mouton de Gruyter.
- Dik, S.C. (1978): Functional Grammar. Amsterdam, North Holland.
- Di Pietro, R. J. (1971): Language Structures in Contrast, Rowley, Mass, Newbury.
- Downing, A. and P. LOCKE (1992): A University Course in English Grammar, New York/London, Prentice-Hall International.
- Filipovic, R. (ed.) (1970): Reports and Studies, Yugoslav Serbo-Croatian-English Contrastive Project. Zagreb, Institute of Linguistics.
- Fillmore, C. (1968): “The Case for Case,” Universals in Linguistic Theory edited by E. Bach & R. T. Harms (eds.), New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, pp. 1-90.
- Fisiak, J. (ed.). (1973-onwards): Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, Poznan, Mickiewicz.
- Fries, C. (1945): Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.
- Halliday, M. (1980): “Language Structure and Language Function,” New Horizons in Linguistics 1 edited by J. Lyons (ed.). Harmondsworth, Penguin, pp. 140-167.
- Halliday, M. (1985/ 1994): An Introduction to Functional Grammar. 2nd edition. London, Arnold.
- Halliday, M. and R. Hasan (1976): Cohesion in English, London/ New York, Longman.
- Halliday, M. and R. Hasan (1989): Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in a Social-Semiotic Perspective, Oxford, OUP.
- James, C. (1980): Contrastive Analysis, Singapore, Longman.
- Jaszczolt, K. and K. Turner (1996): Contrastive Semantics and Pragmatics. Meanings and Representations, Vol. I Oxford, Pergamon.
- Jaszczolt, K. and K. Turner (1996): Contrastive Semantics and Pragmatics. Discourse Strategies, Vol. II Oxford, Pergamon.
- Johansson, S. (1998): “On Computer Corpora in Contrastive Linguistics,” Compare or Contrast? Current Issues in Cross-Language Research edited by W.R Cooper (ed.) Tampere (Finland), University of Tampere, pp. 269-289.
- Johansson, S. and S. Oksefjell (eds.) (1998): Corpora and Cross-Linguistic Research. Theory, Method and Case Studies, Amsterdam/ Atlanta, Rodopi.
- Krzeszowski, T. P. (1971): “Equivalence, Congruence and Deep Structure,” Papers in Contrastive Linguistics edited by G. Nickel (ed.) Cambridge, CAP, pp. 37-48.
- Krzeszowski, T. P. (1979): Contrastive Generative Grammar: Theoretical Foundations, Tübingen, Narr.
- Krzeszowski, T. P. (1990): Contrasting Languages. The Scope of Contrastive Linguistics. Berlin/ New York, Mouton de Gruyter.
- Labrador de la Cruz, B. (2000): Estudio contrastivo de la cuantificación inglés-español, Doctoral thesis, León, Universidad de León.
- Lado, R. (1957): Linguistics across Cultures. Michigan, University of Michigan.
- Louhivaara, S. (1998): “Aspects of Adverb Position in some Finish and English Texts,” Compare or Contrast? Current Issues in Cross-Language Research edited by W.R Cooper (ed.) Tampere (Finland), University of Tampere, pp. 145-157
- Matte Bonn, F. (1995): Gramática comunicativa del español, I & II, Madrid, Edelsa.
- McEnery, T. and M. Oakes (1996): “Sentence Alignment in the CRATER Project,” Using Corpora for Language Research edited by J. Thomas et al. (eds.) London/ New York, Longman, pp. 211-232.
- Neubert, A. (1985): Text and Translation, Leipzig, Enzyklopädie.
- Neubert, A. and G. M. Shreve (1992): Translation as Text. Kent, Ohio, The Kent State University Press.
- Nida, E. A. (1964): Toward a Science of Translating. Leiden, Brill.
- Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. and J. Svartvik (1985/1989): A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, New York, Longman.
- Reiss, K. und H.J. Vermeer (1984): Grundlegung einer allgemeinen Translationstheorie, Tübingen, Niemeyer.
- Salkie, R. (1997): “Naturalness and Contrastive Linguistics,” Proceedings of PALC ’97 edited by B. Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk & P.J. Melia (eds.), Lodz, University of Lodz, pp. 297-312.
- Salkie, R., Aijmer, K. and M. Barlow (eds.) (1999-onwards): Languages in Contrast. International Journal for Contrastive Linguistics, Amsterdam/ Philadelphia, Benjamins.
- Saussure, F. (1966): Course in General Linguistics, New York, McGraw & Hill.
- Sinclair, J. (1991): Corpus, Concordance, Collocation, Hong Kong, OUP.
- Toury, G. (1980): In Search of a Theory of Translation, Tel Aviv, Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics.
- Toury, G. (1995): Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond, Amsterdam/ Philadelphia, Benjamins.
- Whorf, B.L. (1941): Technology Review, Cambribge, MA, MIT reedited in J.B. Carroll (ed). (1956): Language, Thought and Reality, Cambribge, MA: MIT.