Résumés
Abstract
This study set out to determine the types of processing involved when subjects perform sight translation compared to both sight interpretation and simultaneous interpretation, but more specifically whether performance is enhanced or hindered by the visual presentation of the material to be interpreted. Results indicated that both sight translation and sight interpretation yielded significantly higher performance scores than simultaneous interpretation, indicating that the added feature of visual exposure to the message to be interpreted does not necessarily interfere with a subject’s already overloaded capacity to listen and speak simultaneously, but that in fact, it may even help the student’s performance. Pedagogically speaking, it is recommended that sight interpretation be included in any cognitive approach to a simultaneous-interpreter training program.
Keywords/Mots-clés:
- sight translation,
- sight interpretation,
- simultaneous interpretation,
- shared attention,
- divided attention
Résumé
Le but de cette étude est d’établir le genre de traitement de l’information utilisé pour la traduction à vue comparé à l’interprétation à vue et à l’interprétation simultanée, et, plus précisément, de déterminer si la performance est rehaussée ou entravée par la présence visuelle de l’information à interpréter. Les résultats indiquent que la traduction à vue et l’interprétation à vue ont une meilleure performance que l’interprétation simultanée, et laissent entendre que le facteur supplémentaire de l’exposition visuelle du message à traduire ou à interpréter rehausse la capacité déjà surchargée du sujet à parler et à écouter simultanément. Il est donc recommandé que l’interprétation à vue fasse partie de la formation des interprètes de conférence.
Parties annexes
References
- Allport, D.A., Antonis, B. and P. Reynolds (1972): “On the division of attention: A disproof of the single channel hypothesis,” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 24, p. 225-235.
- Barik, H.C. (1973): “Simultaneous interpretation: temporal and quantitative data,” Language and Speech, 16, p. 237-270.
- Broadbent, D.E. (1957): “Immediate memory and simultaneous stimuli,” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 9, p. 1-11.
- Broadbent, D.E. (1958): Perception and Communication. London: Pergammon Press, 1958.
- Brooks, L.R. (1968): “Spatial and verbal components of the act of recall,” Canadian Journal of Psychology, 22, p. 349-368.
- Craik, F.I.M. and R.S. Lockhart (1972): “Levels of processing: A framework for memory research,” Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour, 11, p. 671-684.
- Crowder, R.G. (1970): “The role of one’s own voice in immediate memory,” Cognitive Psychology, 1, p. 157-178.
- Darò, V. (1995a): “Ricerche sulle componenti dell’interpretazione simultanea,” Il Traduttore Nuovo, 44, p. 15-19.
- Darò, V. (1995b): “Attentional, auditory, and memory indexes as prerequisites for simultaneous interpreting,” In J. Tommola (Ed.), Topics in Interpreting Research, Turku: Centre for Translation and Interpreting, University of Turku, p.3-10.
- Déjean Le Féal, K. (1997): “Simultaneous interpretation with ‘training wheels,’” Meta, 42-4, p. 616-621.
- Deutsch, J.A. and D. Deutsch (1963): “Attention: Some theoretical considerations,” Psych Review, 70, p. 80-90.
- Gerver, D. (1974): “Simultaneous listening and speaking and retention of prose,” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 26, p. 337-341.
- Gran, L. and F. Fabbro (1995): Auditory asymmetry in simultaneous interpretation (in press).
- Goldman-Eisler, F. (1968): Psycholinguistics: Experiments on Spontaneous Speech. London: Academic Press.
- Hirst, W., Spelke, E.S., Reaves, C.C., Caharack, G. and U. Neisser (1980): “Dividing attention without alternation of automaticity,” Journal of Experimental Psychology, 109, p. 98-117.
- Howard, D. (1986): Interpretation with texts. Unpublished manuscript. University of Geneva.
- Jaffe, J., Feldstein, S. and L.A. Cassota (1967): “A stochastic model of speaker switching in natural dialogue,” In K. Salzinger & S. Salzinger (Eds.). Research in Verbal Behavior and some Neurological Implications. N.Y.: Academic Press.
- James, W. (1890): The Principles of Psychology, N.Y.: Dover, reprinted 1950.
- Just, M.A. and P.A. Carpenter (1987): The Psychology of Reading and Language Comprehension. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
- Kraushaar, B. and S. Lambert (1987): “Shadowing proficiency according to ear of input and type of bilinguality,” Bulletin of the Canadian Association of Applied Linguistics (CAAL), 9-1, p. 17-31.
- Lambert, S. (1988): “Information processing among conference interpreters,” Meta, 33-3, 377-387.
- Lambert, S. (1989): “Une approche cognitive à la formation d’interprètes,” Meta, 24-4, p. 736-744.
- Lambert, S. (1991): “Aptitude Testing for Simultaneous Interpretation at the University of Ottawa,” Meta 36-4, p. 586-594.
- Lambert, S., Darò, V., and F. Fabbro (1995): “Focalized attention on input vs. output during simultaneous interpretation: Possibly a waste of effort!,” Meta 40-1, 39-46.
- Miller, G. A. (1963): “Review of J.H. Greenberg (ed.) Universals of Language,” Contemporary Psychology, 1963, 8, p. 81-83.
- Moray, N. (1969): Attention: Selective Processes in Vision and Hearing. London: Hutchison.
- Moser-Mercer, B.: “Sight translation and human information processing,” in Neubert, A., Shreve, G., and Gommlich, K. Basic Issues in Translation Studies. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference. Kent Forum on Translation Studies, p. 159-166.
- Norman, D.A. (1968): “Toward a theory of memory and attention,” Psych Review, 75, p. 522-536.
- Padilla, P., Bajo, M.T., Cañas, J.J. and F. Padilla (1995): “Cognitive processes of memory in simultaneous interpretation,” Topics in Interpreting Research. Jorma Tommola (Ed.), University of Turku, Centre for Translation and Interpreting, p. 61-71.
- Paulhan, F. (1887): “La simultanéité des actes psychiques,” Revue Scientifique, 39, p. 684-689.
- Poulton, E.C. (1955): “Simultaneous and alternate listening and speaking,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 27, 1204-1207.
- Shaffer, L.H. (1975): “Multiple attention in continuous verbal tasks,” in P. Rabbitt and S. Dorniö. (Eds.). Attention and Performance: V. London: Academic Press.
- Solomons, L. and G. Stein (1897): “Normal motor automatism,” Psychological Review, 3, p. 492-512.
- Spelke, E., Hirst, W., and U. Neisser (1976): “Skills of divided attention,” Cognition, 4, p. 215-230.
- Treisman, A.M. (1960): “Contextual cues in selective listening,” Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, p. 242-248.
- Treisman, A. M. (1969): “Strategies and models of selective attention,” Psychological Review, 76, p. 282-299.
- Viezzi, M. (1989): “Information retention as a parameter for the comparison of sight translation and simultaneous interpretation: An experimental study.” The Interpreters’ Newsletter, No. 2. Università degli Studi di Trieste, p. 65-69.
- Weber, W.K. (1990): “The importance of sight translation in an interpreter training program,” ATA Scholarly Monograph Series, Vol. IV., p. 44-52.
- Welford, A.T. (1968): Fundamentals of Skill. London: Methuen.
10.7202/003453ar