Résumés
Abstract
This article reviews literature on survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA) who were preschool-aged when the abuse occurred, and applies critical discourse analysis to reveal power relations within this field of research. Utilizing themes of narrative theory, this article demonstrates how the current discourse has promoted a single story of developmental trajectories marred by entrenched deficits. The reviewed literature often utilized definitive language in describing a narrative of damage that not all survivors identify with. We critically examine this narrative as an expression of power that risks misrepresenting a large group of people. Additionally, we recommend that future research promote a discourse of multiple stories in which survivors have agency to author their own stories.
Keywords:
- sexualized violence,
- child sexual abuse,
- CSA,
- survivor,
- narrative,
- development,
- research
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Amédée, L. M., Tremblay-Perreault, A., Hébért, M., & Cyr, C. (2019). Child victims of sexual abuse: Teachers’ evaluation of emotion regulation and social adaptation in school. Psychology in the Schools, 56(7), 1077–1088. doi:10.1002/pits.22236
- Arntz, A., de Groot, C., & Kindt, M. (2005). Emotional memory is perceptual. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 36(1), 19–34. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.11.003
- Bergeron, M. Y. (2017). Factors that support the use of child-parent psychotherapy as an intervention for child-parent dyads exposed to pediatric medical traumatic stress. Clinical Social Work Journal, 45(1), 77–87. doi:10.1007/s10615-016-0585-2
- Bonvanie, I. J., van Gils, A., Janssens, K. A. M., & Rosmalen, J. G. M. (2015). Sexual abuse predicts functional somatic symptoms: An adolescent population study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 46, 1–7. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.06.001
- Breiding, M. J. (2015). Prevalence and characteristics of sexual violence, stalking, and intimate partner violence victimization: National intimate partner and sexual violence survey, United States, 2011. American Journal of Public Health, 105(4), e11–e12. doi:10.2105/ajph.2015.302634
- Cale, J., & Lussier, P. (2016). Sexual behaviour in preschool children in the context of intra-parental violence and sexual coercion. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 27(4), 387–388. doi:10.1002/cbm.1996
- Charest, F., Hébert, M., & Bernier, A. (2018a). Attachment representations in sexually abused preschoolers: A comparative study. Attachment & Human Development, 20(5), 473–490. doi:/10.1080/14616734.2018.1430838
- Charest, F., Hébert, M., Bernier, A., Langevin, R., & Miljkovitch, R. (2018b). Behavior problems in sexually abused preschoolers over a 1-year period: The mediating role of attachment representations. Development and Psychology, 31(2), 471–481. doi:10.1017/S0954579418000226
- Coates, L., & Wade, A. (2007). Language and violence: Analysis of four discursive operations. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 511–522. doi:10.1007/s10896-007-9082-2
- Cohen, J. A., & Mannarino, A. P. (1993). A treatment model for sexually abused preschoolers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8(1), 115–131. doi:10.1177/088626093008001009
- Collin-Vézina, D., Daigneault, I., & Hébert, M. (2013). Lessons learned from child sexual abuse research: Prevalence, outcomes, and preventive strategies. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 7(1), 1–9. doi:10.1186/1753-2000-7-22
- Cotter, A., & Beaupré, P. (2014). Police-reported sexual offences against children and youth in Canada, 2012 [Cat. no. 85-002-X]. Juristat. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2014001/article/14008-eng.htm
- Droogan, J., & Cullum, N. (1998). Systematic reviews in nursing. International Journal in Nursing Studies, 35, 13–22. doi:10.1016/S0020-7489(98)00007-8
- Ensink, K., Berthelot, N., Bégin, M., Maheux, J., & Normandin, L. (2017). Dissociation mediates the relationship between sexual abuse and child psychological difficulties. Child Abuse & Neglect, 69, 116–124. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.017
- Fergusson, D. M., McLeod, G. F. H., & Horwood, L. J. (2013). Childhood sexual abuse and adult developmental outcomes: Findings from a 30-year longitudinal study in New Zealand. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(9), 664–674. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.013
- Finn, H., Warner, E., Price, M. & Spinazzola, J. (2018). The boy who was hit in the face: Somatic regulation and processing of preverbal complex trauma. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 11(3), 277–288. doi:10.1007/s40653-017-0165-9
- Gildea, I. J. (2020). Speaking from the black hole: Representing the experiences of survivors of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) in cultural pedagogies of meaning-making. Feminist Media Studies, 21(6), 992–1009. doi:10.1080/14680777.2020.1743339
- Goldfarb, D., Goodman, G. S., Larson, R. P., Eisen, M. L., & Qin, J. (2018). Long-term memory in adults exposed to childhood violence: Remembering genital contact nearly 20 years later. Clinical Psychological Science, 7(2), 381–396. doi:10.1177/2167702618805742
- Goodman, G. S., Quas, J. A., Goldfarb, D., Gonzalves, L., & Gonzalez, A. (2019). Trauma and long-term memory for childhood events: Impact matters. Child Development Perspectives, 13(1), 3–9. doi:10.1111/cdep.12307
- Hamby, S. (2014). Intimate partner and sexual violence research: Scientific progress, scientific challenges, and gender. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 15(3), 149–158. doi:10.1177/1524838014520723
- Hébert, M., Langevin, R., & Bernier, M.-J. (2013). Self-reported symptoms and parents’ evaluation of behavior problems in preschoolers disclosing sexual abuse. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 4, 467–483. doi:10.18357/ijcyfs44201312700
- Hébert, M., Lavoie, F., & Blais, M. (2014). Post traumatic stress disorder/PTSD in adolescent victims of sexual abuse: Resilience and social support as protection factors. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 19(3), 685–694. doi:10.1590/1413-81232014193.15972013
- Huang Hoon, C., Mighty, J., Roxå, T., Deane Sorcinelli, M., & DiPietro, M. (2019). ‘The danger of a single story:’ A reflection on institutional change, voices, identities, power, and outcomes. International Journal for Academic Development, 24(2), 97–108. doi:1360144X.2019.1594239
- Huckin, T. N. (1997). Critical discourse analysis. In T. Miller (Ed.), Functional approaches to written text: Classroom applications (pp. 87–92). English Language Programs, United States Information Agency.
- Langevin, R., Cossette, L., & Hébert, M. (2016). Emotion regulation in sexually abused preschoolers. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(1), 1–12. doi:10.1007/s10578-015-0538-y
- Lindert, J., von Ehrenstein, O. S., Grashow, R., Gal, G., Braehler, E., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2013). Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated with depression and anxiety over the life course: Systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Public Health, 59(2), 359–372. doi:10.1007/s00038-013-0519-5
- Murray, C., Crowe, A., & Akers, W. (2015). How can we end the stigma surrounding domestic and sexual violence? A modified Delphi study with national advocacy leaders. Journal of Family Violence, 31(3), 271–287. doi:/10.1007/s10896-015-9768-9
- Ngozi Adichie, C. (2009, July). The danger of a single story [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_ngozi_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story?language=en
- Oddone Paolucci, E., Genius, M. L., & Violato, C. (2001). A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual abuse. The Journal of Psychology, 135, 17–36. doi:10.1080/00223980109603677
- Reynolds, V. (2020). Trauma and resistance: ‘Hang time’ and other innovative responses to oppression, violence and suffering. Journal of Family Therapy, 42, 347–364. doi:10.1111/1467-6427.12293
- Sanjeevi, J., Houlihan, D., Bergstrom, K. A., Langley, M. M., & Judkins, J. (2018). A review of child sexual abuse: Impact, risk, and resilience in the context of culture. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(6), 622–641. doi:10.1080/10538712.2018.1486934
- Schulz, P. M. (2014). Are judges getting the full story through court-ordered reports and investigations? A critical analysis of the discourse of disbelief in an allegation of child sexual abuse. Children Australia, 39(3), 137–146. doi:10.1017/cha.2014.16
- Scott, J. 1990. A matter of record: Documentary sources in social research. Polity Press.
- Sigurdardottir, S., & Halldorsdottir, S. (2018). Screaming body and silent healthcare providers: A case study with a childhood sexual abuse survivor. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), Art. 94. doi:10.3390/ijerph15010094
- Tejada, A. J., & Linder, S. M. (2018). The influence of child sexual abuse on preschool- aged children. Early Child Development and Care, 190(12), 1833–1843. doi:10.1080/03004430.2018.1542384
- Weiss, G., & Wodak, R. (Eds.). (2007). Critical discourse analysis: Theory and interdisciplinarity. Palgrave MacMillan.
- Woodiwiss, J. (2014). Beyond a single story: The importance of separating ‘harm’ from ‘wrongfulness’ and ‘sexual innocence’ from ‘childhood’ in contemporary narratives of childhood sexual abuse. Sexualities, 17(1/2), 139–158. doi:10.1177/1363460713511104