Résumés
Résumé
Cet article explore des pratiques transnationales d’immigrants africains francophones installés en Alberta et l’impact de ces pratiques sur leur intégration dans la société canadienne. En nous basant sur des analyses d’entrevues semi-dirigées et des théories qui portent sur l’intégration et de l’immigration transnationale, nous démontrons que l’immigration transnationale favorise l’intégration. L’on peut s’appuyer sur cette immigration pour contrer les inégalités, soutenir le développement et optimiser les relations entre le Canada et les pays d’origine. La conceptualisation de l’immigration transnationale devrait miser davantage sur son impact positif et il serait bénéfique de prévoir des moyens susceptibles de favoriser cet impact.
Abstract
This article examines transnational practices among Francophone African immigrants living in Alberta, and how these practices impact their integration into Canadian society. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and theories of integration and transnational immigration, we posit that transnational immigration facilitates integration. It would be beneficial to foster this immigration to help counter inequalities, support development, and promote relations between Canada and the countries of origin. The conceptualization of transnational immigration should focus more on its positive impacts, and it would be useful to identify ways to extend these outcomes.
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Al-Ali, Nadje, Richard Black et Khalid Koder (2001). « The Limits to Transnationalism: Bosnian and Eritrean Refugees in Europe as Emerging Transnational Communities », Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 24, no 2, p. 578-600.
- Arsenault, Stéphanie (2010). « Les réfugiés colombiens au Québec : des pratiques transnationales centrées sur la famille », Lien social et Politiques, « Les réseaux familiaux transnationaux : nouvelles familles, nouveaux espaces de citoyenneté ? », no 64 (automne), p. 51-64, [En ligne], [https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/lsp/2010-n64-lsp1509575/1001399ar] (20 décembre 2017).
- Baffoe, Michael (2010). « The Social Reconstruction of “Home” among African Immigrants in Canada », Canadian Ethnic Studies, vol. 41-42, no 3-1, p. 157-173.
- Berg, Bruce, et Howard Lune (2012). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, Don Mills, Pearson.
- Carlson Berg, Laurie (2010). « Experiences of Newcomers to Fransaskois Schools: Opportunities for Community Collaboration », McGill Journal of Education, vol. 45, no 2, p. 287-304.
- Carruthers, Ashley (2013). « National Multiculturalism, Transnational Identities », Journal of Intercultural Studies, vol. 34, no 2, p. 214-228.
- Collacott, Martin (2002). Canada’s Immigration Policy: The Need for Major Reform, Vancouver, Fraser Institute.
- Corbière, Marc, et Nadine Larivière (dir.) (2014). Méthodes qualitatives, quantitatives et mixtes, Québec, Presses de l’Université du Québec.
- Couton, Philip (2014). Ethnocultural Community Organizations and Immigrant Integration in Canada, IRPP Study, no 47 (juin), Montréal, Institut de recherche en politiques publiques.
- Creswell, John (2013). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches, Thousand Oaks, Sage.
- Das Gupta, Tania, et al. (dir.) (2007). Race and Racialization: Essential Readings, Toronto, Canadian Scholars’ Press.
- Dorais, Louis-Jacques (2004). « À propos de migrations transnationales : l’exemple de Canadiens d’origine vietnamienne », Revue européenne des migrations internationales, vol. 20, no 3, p. 49-73.
- Espiritu, Yen Le (2003). Home Bound: Filipino American Lives Across Cultures, Communities, and Countries, Berkeley, University of California Press.
- Fanjoy, Martha (2015). « There’s No Place like Home(s): Southern Sudanese-Canadian Return Migration », dans Amal Madibbo (dir.), Canada in Sudan, Sudan in Canada: Immigration, Conflict and Reconstruction, Montréal, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 76-99.
- Foner, Nancy (2002). « Second-Generation: Transnationalism, Then and Now », dans Peggy Levitt et Mary Waters (dir.), The Changing Face of Home: The Transnational Lives of the Second Generation, New York, Russell Sage Foundation, p. 242-252.
- Frideres, Jim (2008). « Creating an Inclusive Society: Promoting Social Integration in Canada », dans John Biles, Meyer Burestein et Jim Frideres (dir), Immigration and Integration in Canada in the Twenty-first Century, Montréal, McGill-Queen’s University Press, p. 77-101.
- Glick Schiller, Nina, Linda Basch et Cristina Blanc-Szanton (1995). « From Immigrant to Transmigrant: Theorizing Transnational Migration », Anthropological Quarterly, vol. 68, no 1, p. 48-63.
- Hugo, Graeme (2014). « From Permanent Settlement to Transnationalism? Contemporary Population Movement between Italy and Australia: Trends and Implications », International Migration, vol. 52, no 4, p. 92-111.
- Huntington, Samuel (2004). Who Are We?: The Challenges to America’s National Identity, New York, Simon & Schuster.
- Jones-Correa, Michael (2002). « The Study of Transnationalism Among the Children of Immigrants: Where We Are and Where We Should be Headed », dans Peggy Levitt et Mary Waters (dir.), The Changing Face of Home: The Transnational Lives of the Second Generation, New York, Russell Sage Foundation, p. 221-241.
- Juteau, Danielle (2015). L’ethnicité et ses frontières, Montréal, Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.
- Kelly, Philip (2003). « Canadian-Asian Transnationalism », Canadian Geographer, vol. 47, no 3, p. 209-218.
- Kobayashi, Audrey, et Valerie Preston (2007). « Transnationalism through the Life Course: Hong Kong Immigrants in Canada », Asia Pacific Viewpoint, vol. 48, no 2, p. 151-167.
- Levitt, Peggy (2001). « Transnational Migration ; Taking Stock and Future Directions », Global Networks, vol. 1, no 3, p. 195-216.
- Madibbo, Amal (2014). « L’état de la reconnaissance et la non-reconnaissance des acquis des immigrants africains francophones en Alberta », Francophonies d’Amérique, vol. 73, p. 155-171.
- Madibbo, Amal (dir.) (2015). Canada in Sudan, Sudan in Canada: Immigration, Conflict and Reconstruction, Montréal, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Madibbo, Amal (2016). « The Way Forward: African Francophone Immigrants Negotiate Their Multiple Minority Identities », Journal of International Migration and Integration, vol. 17, no 3, p. 853-866.
- Melissen, Jan (2005). The New Public Diplomacy: Soft Power in International Relations, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Nolin, Catherine (2004). « Spatializing the Immobility of Guatemalan Transnationalism in Canada », Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean, vol. 29, no 57-58, p. 267-288.
- Portes, Alejandro (2001). « Introduction: The Debates and significance of Immigrant Transnationalism », Global Networks, vol. 1, no 3, p. 181-193.
- Portes, Alejandro (2003). « Conclusion: Theoretical Convergences and Empirical Evidence in the Study of Immigrant Transnationalism », International Migration Review, vol. 37, no 3, p. 874-892.
- Reitz, Jeffrey, et Rupa Banerjee (2009). « Race, Religion, and the Social Integration of New Immigrant Minorities in Canada », International Migration Review, vol. 43, no 4, p. 695-726.
- Robert, Anne-Marie, et Tara Gilkinson (2012). Mental Health and Well-Being of Recent Immigrants in Canada: Evidence from the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, Ottawa, Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada.
- Rumbaut, Rubén (2002). « Severed or Sustained Attachments?: Language, Identity, and Imagined Communities in the Post-Immigrant Generation », dans Peggy Levitt et Mary Waters (dir.), The Changing Face of Home: The Transnational Lives of the Second Generation, New York, Russell Sage Foundation, p. 43-95.
- Satzewich, Vic, et Lloyd Wong (dir.) (2006), Transnational Identities and Practices in Canada, Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press.
- Smith, Linda (2012). Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples, Dunedin, Otago University Press.
- Van den Hoonaard, Deborah (2015). Qualitative Research in Action: A Canadian Primer, Don Mills, Oxford University Press.
- Vatz Laaroussi, Michèle, et Claudio Bolzman (dir.) (2010). « Familles immigrantes et réseaux transnationaux : des articulations théoriques aux stratégies politiques », Lien social et Politiques, n° 64, p. 7-25.
- Vertovec, Steven (1999). « Conceiving and Researching Transnationalism », Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 22, no 2, p. 447-462.
- Vertovec, Steven (2001). « Transnationalism and identity », Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol. 27, no 4, p. 573-582.
- Vertovec, Steven (2009). Transnationalism: Key Ideas, New York, Routledge.
- Waldinger, Roger, et David Fitzgerald (2004). « Transnationalism in Question », Annual Journal of Sociology, vol. 109, no 5, p. 1177-1195.
- Waters, Johanna (2011). « Time and Transnationalism: A longitudinal Study of Immigration, Endurance and Settlement in Canada », Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 37, no 7, P. 1119-1135.
- Wayland, Sarah (2004). « Ethnonationalist Networks and Transnational Opportunities: The Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora », Review of International Studies, vol. 30, no 3, p. 405-426.
- Windland, Daphne (2006). « Raising the Iron Curtain: Transnationalism and the Croatian Diaspora since the Collapse of 1989 », dans Vic Satzewich et Lloyd Wong (dir.), Transnational Identities and Practices in Canada, Vancouver, British Colombia University Press, p. 261-277.
- Wong, Madeleine (2000). « Ghanaian Women in Toronto’s Labour Market: Negotiating Gendered Roles », Canadian Ethnic Studies, vol. 32, no 2, p. 45-74.
- Wu, Zheng, Christoph Schimmele et Hou Feng (2010). Social Integration of Immigrants and their Children in Canada’s Urban Neighbourhoods, Working Paper Series, n° 10-10, Vancouver, Metropolis British Columbia, Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Diversity.
10.7202/1001399ar