Résumés
Résumé
La criminologie des parcours de vie concernant le désistement de la délinquance a fourni peu de lignes directrices quant aux stratégies d’intervention visant les jeunes adultes. Étant donné le caractère dynamique de la maturité ainsi que de la délinquance à ce stade de développement, la présente étude propose un regard sur le concept de maturité et son impact possible sur le processus de désistement. Bien mettre en évidence les aspects spécifiques de la maturité qui sont importants pour le désistement de la délinquance peut aider les intervenants à déterminer de quelle façon ils peuvent contribuer au processus de désistement lorsqu’ils travaillent auprès de clients plus jeunes pour qui les points tournants traditionnels tels que le mariage et l’emploi ne sont pas nécessairement immédiatement accessibles, voire même pertinents pour ce groupe d’âge. La présente étude s’appuie sur des données concernant les individus de sexe masculin interviewés dans le cadre de l’étude longitudinale Pathways to Desistance Study qui étaient âgés de 16 ou 17 ans au début de l’étude (n = 704). Une série d’analyses statistiques à effets fixes montre que des changements intra-individuels sur le plan de la maturité sont associés à un ralentissement de la délinquance autorapportée. En particulier, les résultats de l’étude mettent en évidence l’importance des changements sur le plan identitaire et psychosocial ainsi qu’une plus grande ouverture quant à l’adoption d’un statut d’adulte. Les stratégies d’intervention qui aident au développement de ces aspects de la maturité sont plus susceptibles de favoriser le processus de désistement d’une clientèle de jeunes adultes.
Mots-clés :
- Délinquance,
- désistement,
- étude longitudinale,
- identité,
- maturité,
- maturité psychosociale,
- rôle d’adulte,
- abandon,
- trajectoire
Abstract
Life course criminology research on desistance has not provided practitioners with much direction about effective areas of focus for intervention strategies, especially during adolescence and emerging adulthood. This gap can be addressed by considering how maturation, an important part of this developmental period, influences desistance. The current study focused on males from the Pathways to Desistance Study who were aged 16 or 17 at baseline (n = 704). Fixed-effects models showed that within-individual increases in psychosocial and identity measures of maturation were associated with within-individual decreases in a person’s self-reported level of offending. The findings highlight the value of intervention and treatment strategies that improve maturation.
Keywords:
- Offending,
- desistance,
- longitudinal study,
- identity,
- maturation,
- psychosocial maturation,
- adult role,
- abandonment,
- trajectory
Resumen
La investigación en criminología sobre las trayectorias de vida que se enfoca en el desistimiento no ha brindado a los profesionales muchas directivas en lo que tiene que ver con áreas centrales para las estrategias de intervención, especialmente durante la adolescencia y la adultez emergente. Esto puede ser abordado, considerando cómo la madurez, que es una parte importante de este período de desarrollo, influencia el desistimiento. El presente estudio se enfoca en hombres del estudio “caminos hacia el desistimiento”, que tenían 16 o 17 al principio (n = 704). Los modelos de efectos fijos mostraron que los aumentos intra-individuales en las medidas de madurez, estaban asociados con disminuciones intra-individuales en el nivel auto-reportado de delitos. Los descubrimientos subrayaron el valor de las estrategias de intervención y tratamiento que mejoran la madurez.
Palabras clave:
- Delinquir,
- desistimiento,
- estudio longitudinal,
- identidad,
- madurez,
- madurez psicosocial,
- roles de adultos,
- abandono,
- trayectoria
Parties annexes
Références
- Agnew, R., Brezina, T., Wright, J. P. et Cullen, F. T. (2002). Strain, personality traits, and delinquency : Extending general strain theory. Criminology, 40(1), 43-72.
- Allison, P. D. (2009). Fixed effects regression models. Londres, Royaume-Uni : Sage.
- Allison, P. D. (2012, 10 septembre). When can you safely ignore multicollinearity ? Statistical Horizons [Article de blog]. Repéré à www.statisticalhorizons.com/multicollinearity
- Allison, P. D. et Waterman, R. (2002). Fixed-effects negative binomial regression models. Sociological Methodology, 32(1), 247-265.
- Bachman, J. G. et Schulenberg, J. (1993). How part-time work intensity relates to drug use, problem behavior, time use, and satisfaction among high school seniors : Are these consequences or just correlates ? Developmental Psychology, 29(2), 220-235.
- Britt, C. L., Rocque, M. et Zimmerman, G. M. (2018). The analysis of bounded count data in criminology. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 34(2), 591-607
- Carver, C. S. et Scheier, M. (1990). Principles of self-regulation : Action and emotion. Guilford Press.
- Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Silva, P. A., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Krueger, R. F. et Schmutte, P. S. (1994). Are some people crime-prone ? Replications of the personality-crime relationship across countries, genders, races, and methods. Criminology, 32(2), 163-196.
- F.-Dufour, I., Villeneuve, M.-P. et Perron, C. (2018). Les interventions informelles de désistement assisté : une étude de la portée. Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice, 60(2), 206-240.
- Forney, M. et Ward, J. T. (2019). Identity, peer resistance, and antisocial influence : Modeling direct and indirect causes of desistance. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 5(1), 107-135.
- Glueck, S. et Glueck, E. T. (1937). Later criminal careers. New York, NY : The Commonwealth Fund.
- Gottfredson, M. et Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press.
- Hill, J. M., van der Geest, V. R. et Blokland, A. J. (2017). Leaving the bank of mum and dad : Financial independence and delinquency desistance in emerging adulthood. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 3(4), 419-439.
- Huizinga, D., Esbensen, F. et Weiher, A. (1991). Are there multiple paths to delinquency ? Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 82(1), 83-118.
- Hyde, L. W., Shaw, D. S. et Moilanen, K. L. (2010). Developmental precursors of moral disengagement and the role of moral disengagement in the development of antisocial behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38(2), 197-209.
- Laub, J. H., Rowan, Z. R. et Sampson, R. J. (2018). The age-graded theory of informal social control. Dans D. P. Farrington, L. Kazemian et A. Piquero (dir.), The Oxford Handbook of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology (p. 295-322). Oxford, Royaume-Uni : Oxford University Press.
- Laub, J. H. et Sampson, R. J. (2003). Shared beginnings, divergent lives : Delinquent boys to age 70. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
- Le Blanc, M. (1997). A generic control theory of the criminal phenomenon : The structural and the dynamical statements of an integrative multilayered control theory. Dans T. Thornberry (dir.), Developmental theories of crime and delinquency : Advances in criminological theory (vol. 7). New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction Press.
- Loeber, R. et Le Blanc, M. (1990). Toward a developmental criminology. Crime and Justice, 12, 375-473.
- Lussier, P., McCuish, E., Deslauriers-Varin, N. et Corrado, R. (2017). Crime specialization as a dynamic process ? Criminal careers, crime mix, and crime specialization in chronic, serious, and violent offenders. Dans A. Blokland et V. van der Geest (dir.), The Routledge International Handbook of Life-Course Criminology (p. 112-139). Routledge.
- MacDermott, S. T., Gullone, E., Allen, J. S., King, N. J. et Tonge, B. (2010). The emotion regulation index for children and adolescents (ERICA) : A psychometric investigation. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(3), 301-314.
- Mazerolle, P., Burton Jr, V. S., Cullen, F. T., Evans, T. D. et Payne, G. L. (2000). Strain, anger, and delinquent adaptations specifying general strain theory. Journal of Criminal Justice, 28(2), 89-101.
- McCuish, E., Lussier, P. et Rocque, M. (2020). Maturation beyond age : Interrelationships among psychosocial, adult role, and identity maturation and their implications for desistance from crime. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49(2), 479-493.
- Mizel, M. L. et Abrams, L. S. (2018). What I’d tell my 16-year-old self : Criminal desistance, young adults, and psychosocial maturation. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(10), 3038-3057.
- Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Life-course-persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial behavior : A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674-701.
- Monahan, K. C. et Piquero, A. R. (2009). Investigating the longitudinal relation between offending frequency and offending variety. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(7), 653-673.
- Monahan, K. C., Steinberg, L., Cauffman, E. et Mulvey, E. P. (2013). Psychosocial (im)maturity from adolescence to early adulthood : Distinguishing between adolescence-limited and persisting antisocial behavior. Development and Psychopathology, 25(4), 1093-1105.
- Mulvey, E. P. (2013). Research on pathways to desistance [Maricopa County, AZ and Philadelphia County, PA] : Subject measures, 2000-2010. ICPSR29961-v2. Ann Arbor, MI : Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research.
- Na, C. (2016). The consequences of fatherhood transition among disadvantaged male offenders : Does timing matter ? Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 2(2), 182-208.
- Nguyen, H. et Loughran, T. A. (2018). On the measurement and identification of turning points in criminology. Annual Review of Criminology, 1, 335-358.
- Ouimet, M. et Le Blanc, M. (1996). The role of life experiences in the continuation of the adult criminal career. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 6(1), 73-97.
- Riggs-Romaine, C. L., Kemp, K., Giallella, C. L., Goldstein, N. E., Serico, J. et Kelley, S. (2018). Can we hasten development ? Effects of treatment on psychosocial maturity. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(9), 2857-2876.
- Rocque, M. (2015). The lost concept : The (re)emerging link between maturation and desistance from crime. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 15(3), 340-360.
- Rocque, M., Beckley, A. L. et Piquero, A. R. (2019). Psychosocial maturation, race, and desistance from crime. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48(7), 1403-1417.
- Rocque, M., Posick, C. et White, H. R. (2015). Growing up is hard to do : An empirical evaluation of maturation and desistance. Journal of Developmental and Life-course Criminology, 1(4), 350-384.
- Sampson, R. J. et Laub, J. H. (2003). Life-course desisters ? Trajectories of crime among delinquent boys followed to age 70. Criminology, 41(3), 555-592.
- Skardhamar, T. et Savolainen, J. (2014). Changes in criminal offending around the time of job entry : A study of employment and desistance. Criminology, 52(2), 263-291.
- Steinberg, L., Blatt-Eisengart, I. et Cauffman, E. (2006). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful homes : A replication in a sample of serious juvenile offenders. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16(1), 47-58.
- Stone, R. et Rydberg, J. (2019). Parenthood, maturation, and desistance : Examining parenthood transition effects on maturation domains and subsequent reoffending. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology, 5(3), 387-414.
- Sumter, S. R., Bokhorst, C. L., Steinberg, L. et Westenberg, P. M. (2009). The developmental pattern of resistance to peer influence in adolescence : Will the teenager ever be able to resist ? Journal of Adolescence, 32(4), 1009-1021.
- Sweeten, G., Piquero, A. R. et Steinberg, L. (2013a). Age and the explanation of crime, revisited. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(6), 921-938.
- Sweeten, G., Pyrooz, D. C. et Piquero, A. R. (2013b). Disengaging from gangs and desistance from crime. Justice Quarterly, 30(3), 469-500.
- Uggen, C. (2000). Work as a turning point in the life course of criminals : A duration model of age, employment, and recidivism. American Sociological Review, 65(4), 529-546.
- Uggen, C. et Wakefield, S. (2008). What have we learned from longitudinal studies of work and crime ? Dans A. M. Lieberman (dir.), The long view of crime : A synthesis of longitudinal research (p. 191-219). New York, NY : Springer.
- Viljoen, J. L., Shaffer, C. S., Gray, A. L. et Douglas, K. S. (2017). Are adolescent risk assessment tools sensitive to change ? A framework and examination of the SAVRY and the YLS/CMI. Law and Human Behavior, 41(3), 244-257.
- Walden, T., Lemerise, E. et Gentile, J. (1992). Emotional competence and peer acceptance among preschool children. Communication présentée à Conference on Human Development, Atlanta, GA.
- Weinberger, D. A. et Schwartz, G. E. (1990). Distress and restraint as superordinate dimensions of self-reported adjustment : A typological perspective. Journal of Personality, 58(2), 381-417.
- Wikström, P. O. H. (2019). Explaining crime and criminal careers : The DEA model of situational action theory. Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-019-00116-5