Résumés
Résumé
Au cours de son histoire, la criminologie a été influencée par de nombreuses disciplines. Elle est d’abord marquée, au début du xxe siècle, par la sociologie positiviste aux États-Unis et par la psychiatrie en Grande-Bretagne, avant d’être fortement influencée par des courants critiques issus de la sociologie. Puis, à partir des années 1990, elle s’ouvre à nouveau aux perspectives de différentes disciplines. Basée sur les références citées par un ensemble de revues de criminologie principalement de langue anglaise, cette étude analyse la place qu’y ont occupée les différentes disciplines entre 1991 et 2014. Il en ressort que les articles de criminologie sont de plus en plus interdisciplinaires, avec 65 % des articles de 2014 citant plus de trois disciplines. Au sein de ces articles, la proportion des références occupée par la psychologie est en progression, au détriment des références faites aux sciences sociales et au droit. Lorsqu’on examine les références citées par les revues et l’affiliation de leurs auteurs, on observe que 42 % des revues étudiées ont un profil interdisciplinaire alors que 22 % s’inscrivent dans une perspective sociocriminologique, 22 % sont centrées sur la psychologie et 4 % sur le droit. L’analyse du réseau de citations de ces revues montre enfin que les revues centrales de la discipline ont des influences disciplinaires variées : des revues ancrées dans la criminologie et les sciences sociales y côtoient des revues interdisciplinaires ainsi que des publications centrées sur la psychologie.
Mots-clés :
- Criminologie,
- bibliométrie,
- revues,
- interdisciplinarité,
- sociologie,
- psychologie
Abstract
Throughout its history, criminology has been influenced by many disciplines. In the early 20th century it was shaped by positivist sociology in the United States and by psychiatry in Great Britain, and later was strongly influenced by critical currents in sociology. Beginning in the 1990s, it began to take into account the viewpoints of various disciplines. This article uses citations from a group of criminology journals, mainly in English, to analyze the relative influence of those disciplines between 1991 and 2014. The analysis reveals that writing in criminology is increasingly interdisciplinary, with 65 % of articles in 2014 citing sources in more than three disciplines. In those articles, the proportion of references to the field of psychology has grown, while references to the social sciences and to law have decreased. Close examination of journal citations and author affiliations shows that 42 % of the journals studied have an interdisciplinary profile, 22 % take a socio-criminological perspective, 22 % focus on psychology, and 4 % are devoted to law. Lastly, analysis of the network of these journal’s citations reveals influences from multiple disciplines on criminology’s core publications, from journals rooted in criminology and the social sciences to interdisciplinary journals as well as those that focus on psychology.
Keywords:
- Criminology,
- bibliometrics,
- journals,
- interdisciplinarity,
- sociology,
- psychology
Resumen
A lo largo de su historia, la criminología ha estado influenciada por numerosas disciplinas. En primer lugar, a comienzos del siglo XX, esta estuvo marcada por la sociología positivista de los Estados Unidos, y por la psiquiatría de Gran Bretaña, antes de estar influenciada, fuertemente, por las corrientes críticas derivadas de la sociología. Luego, a partir de los años noventa, esta se abrió de nuevo a las perspectivas de diferentes disciplinas. Basado en las referencias citadas por un conjunto de revistas de criminología, principalmente de lengua inglesa, este estudio analiza el lugar que ocuparon las diferentes disciplinas entre 1991 y 2014. Se encontró que los artículos de criminología son cada vez más interdisciplinarios, con el 65 % de los artículos de 2014 citando a más de 3 disciplinas. En el seno de estos artículos, la proporción de las referencias ocupada por la psicología está en progreso, en detrimento de las referencias hechas a las ciencias sociales y al derecho. Cuando uno se concentra en las referencias citadas por las revistas, y en la afiliación de los autores, uno observa que el 42 % de las revistas estudiadas tienen un perfil interdisciplinario. Mientras que el 22 % se inscriben dentro de una perspectiva sociocriminológica, el 22 % se centran en la psicología, y el 4 % en el derecho. El análisis de la red de citaciones de estas revistas, muestra, finalmente, que las revistas centrales de la disciplina tienen influencias disciplinarias variadas : Revistas ancladas en la criminología y en las ciencias sociales, y costean a revistas interdisciplinarias, así como a publicaciones centradas en la psicología.
Palabras clave:
- Criminología,
- bibliometría,
- revistas,
- interdisciplinariedad,
- sociología,
- psicología
Parties annexes
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