Résumés
Abstract
Introduction: Current approaches to health advocate (HA) training leave many physicians feeling ill-equipped to advocate effectively. Likewise, faculty perceive the HA role as challenging to teach, role model, evaluate and assess. Progress on improving HA training is further stalled by debate over the role’s importance and whether it should be considered intrinsic to medical practice. Recent graduates are well-positioned to comment on how these challenges affect HA training and preparation for practice. Therefore, our purpose was to explore the perspectives of new-in-practice physicians who are keen to be effective advocates.
Methods: Ten early-career physicians participated in semi-structured interviews exploring their perceived competence and motivation to engage in health advocacy. Constructivist grounded theory informed the iterative data collection and analysis process.
Results: Participants wished they knew during training how much they would use advocacy in practice. While training imparted adequate patient-level advocacy skills, participants felt underprepared to enact system-level advocacy–which they conceptualized as a wide-range of activities including political advocacy. In turn, participants grappled with lack of preparation, waning motivation, feelings of futility, lack of value for advocacy and need for self-preservation. For these reasons, they questioned whether system-level advocacy should be expected of all physicians.
Conclusions: Although training may adequately prepare physicians for patient-level advocacy, system-level advocacy training remains insufficient. While patient-level advocacy is integral to good care, whether system-level advocacy should be a universal expectation deserves closer consideration. Perhaps system-level health advocacy may be better conceptualized as a specialized role requiring additional training. Regardless, physician advocates’ efforts need to be valued for their contributions.
Résumé
Introduction : Les cursus actuels de formation à la promotion de la santé (PS) font que de nombreux médecins se sentent mal outillés pour défendre efficacement les intérêts des patients. De même, le corps enseignant perçoit le rôle de PS comme difficile à enseigner, à incarner et à évaluer. Un débat sur l'importance de ce rôle et sur la question de savoir s'il doit être considéré comme intrinsèque à la pratique médicale ralentit encore les progrès en matière d'amélioration de la formation à la PS. Les praticiens fraîchement diplômés sont bien placés pour commenter la manière dont ces obstacles affectent la formation à la PS et la préparation à la pratique. Notre objectif était donc d'explorer les points de vue de médecins en début de carrière qui souhaitent devenir des défenseurs efficaces des intérêts de leurs patients.
Méthodes : Dix médecins en début de carrière ont participé à des entretiens semi-structurés explorant leur ressenti de leur compétence et de leur motivation vis-à-vis la défense des intérêts des patients. La théorie constructiviste ancrée a guidé le processus itératif de collecte et d'analyse des données.
Résultats : Les participants auraient souhaité savoir pendant leur formation dans quelle mesure ils utiliseraient la défense des intérêts des patients dans leur pratique. Si leur formation leur a permis d'acquérir des compétences suffisantes en matière de défense des intérêts de leurs patients à une échelle individuelle, les participants ne se sont pas sentis suffisamment préparés à défendre les intérêts des patients à l’échelle du système de santé, ce qu'ils ont conceptualisé comme un large éventail d'activités, y compris au niveau politique. Les participants ont été confrontés à un manque de préparation, à une baisse de motivation, à une impression d’inutilité, à une dévaluation de la défense des intérêts des patients et à un besoin de se préserver. Pour ces raisons, ils se sont demandé s'il fallait attendre de tous les médecins qu'ils défendent les intérêts des patients à un niveau systémique.
Conclusions : Bien que la formation puisse préparer adéquatement les médecins à la défense des intérêts de leurs patients à une échelle individuelle, la formation à la défense des intérêts des patients à une échelle systémique reste insuffisante. Si la défense des intérêts du patient individuel fait partie intégrante de la qualité des soins, la question de savoir si la défense des intérêts des patients à une échelle systémique doit être une attente universelle mérite d'être examinée de plus près. Il serait peut-être préférable de conceptualiser la défense des intérêts des patients au niveau du système de santé comme un rôle spécialisé nécessitant une formation supplémentaire. Quoi qu'il en soit, les efforts des médecins en tant que défenseurs des intérêts des patients doivent être appréciés à leur juste valeur.
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