Résumés
Abstract
This article critically discusses conviviality by identifying commonly conflated understandings of the concept including emic, etic, normative, and historically contingent discourses. I argue that conviviality can most usefully be understood as a particular mode of sociality, and as such is necessarily shaped by prior modes of sociality and their attendant values. Conviviality is then applied analytically to participant observation conducted in an urban peripheral community in Northeastern Brazil. I argue that, in this community, residents approached living together through the distinctive Nordestino values of self-reliance and dignity, which produced a mode of sociality anthropologists have characterized as “inter-household autonomy.” I also describe shifts in the experience of conviviality between the beginning of my fieldwork in 1998 and 2015, and thus demonstrate how modes of sociality are themselves historically contingent.
Keywords:
- conviviality,
- inter-household sociality,
- peripheral communities,
- Brazil,
- rural-urban migration
Résumé
Cet article aborde la convivialité de manière critique, en identifiant les compréhensions communément confondues du concept, qui incluent les discours émiques, étiques, normatifs et historiquement contingents. Je soutiens que la convivialité peut être comprise comme un mode particulier de socialité, et qu’en tant que tel, elle est nécessairement façonnée par des modes de socialité antérieurs et les valeurs qui y sont associées. La convivialité est ensuite appliquée de façon analytique à l’observation participante menée dans une communauté urbaine périphérique du nord-est du Brésil. Je montre que, dans cette communauté, les résidents abordaient la vie en commun à travers les valeurs distinctes des Nordestino : l’autonomie et la dignité. Cela a produit un mode de socialité que les anthropologues ont qualifié d’« autonomie inter-foyers ». Je décris également les changements dans l’expérience de la convivialité entre le début de mon travail de terrain en 1998 et 2015, et ainsi, je démontre comment les modes de socialité sont eux-mêmes historiquement contingents.
Mots-clés :
- convivialité,
- socialité entre foyers,
- communautés périphériques,
- Brésil,
- migration rurale-urbaine
Parties annexes
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