Résumés
Abstract
This article offers an anthropological perspective on organ transplantation in Russia. The author employs approaches and principles of medical anthropology and ontological turn in anthropology and attempts to present a novel human-object history of organ transplantation. This research focuses primarily on human collectives, such as medical communities and the rest of society, but also on certain objects, including donor organs and the infrastructure created by the technology. The article discusses the following questions: How does transplantation technology transform the medical community? How is it built into the social and cultural context? How is it perceived by the rest of society? How do some doctors try to adapt this technology to the traditional values of Russian society? This research was conducted at two large Russian organ transplantation centers. The analyzed materials include anthropological and medical publications, and mass media sources.
Keywords:
- anthropology,
- new medical technologies,
- transplantation,
- Russia,
- medical communities,
- donor organs,
- extracorporeal perfusion
Résumé
Cet article offre une perspective anthropologique sur la transplantation d’organes en Russie. L’auteur emploie les approches et les principes de l’anthropologie médicale et du tournant ontologique en anthropologie, et tente de présenter une histoire inédite de la transplantation d’organes entre l’homme et l’objet. Cette recherche se concentre principalement sur les collectifs humains, tels que les communautés médicales et le reste de la société, mais aussi sur certains objets, notamment les donneurs d’organes et l’infrastructure créée par la technologie. L’article aborde les questions suivantes : Comment la technologie de transplantation transforme-t-elle la communauté médicale ? Comment s’intègre-t-elle dans le contexte social et culturel ? Comment est-elle perçue par le reste de la société ? Comment certains médecins tentent-ils d’adapter cette technologie aux valeurs traditionnelles de la société russe ? Cette recherche a été menée dans deux grands centres russes de transplantation d’organes. Les documents analysés comprennent des publications anthropologiques et médicales, ainsi que des sources médiatiques.
Mots-clés :
- anthropologie,
- Nouvelles technologies médicales,
- transplantation ,
- Russie ,
- communautés médicales,
- don d’organes,
- perfusion extra-corporelle
Parties annexes
Bibliography
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