Abstracts
Résumé
En France, l’urbanisation ne cesse de croître, conduisant ses habitants à avoir de moins en moins de contacts avec la nature et ses bienfaits. Il est donc impératif d'entreprendre des recherches sur les effets bénéfiques de la restauration offerte par les espaces naturels au sein du pays, dans le but de favoriser la santé mentale de ses résidents. Une enquête en ligne a permis à 320 français d’évaluer quatre types de milieux : les espaces naturels « citadins » au cœur des villes, les espaces présentant un mélange d'éléments naturels et urbains, les espaces strictement urbains ainsi que les espaces naturels situés en dehors des villes. Les variables étudiées portent sur les capacités restauratrices, les préférences environnementales, le bonheur procuré, la sécurité perçue ainsi que la volonté d’être dans le lieu. Les résultats montrent que les espaces naturels « citadins » sont préférés et jugés plus restaurateurs que les environnements mixtes et urbains. Plus un environnement comporte des éléments naturels et plus il est préféré et perçu comme restaurateur en favorisant la réduction du stress et en optimisant les capacités cognitives des individus. Cette étude confirme également que les préférences esthétiques peuvent servir d'indicateur quant au potentiel de restauration de l’environnement. Cette recherche met en évidence l'importance d'intégrer des espaces naturels au sein des villes, étant donné que leurs bienfaits pour la santé mentale se rapprochent de ceux offerts par les environnements naturels extérieurs à celles-ci et particulièrement propices à la restauration.
Mots-clés :
- effet restaurateur,
- environnements naturels,
- préférences esthétiques,
- attention,
- stress,
- sécurité,
- France
Abstract
In France, urbanisation continues to grow, leading its residents to have less and less contact with nature and its benefits. It is therefore imperative to undertake research into the beneficial effects of the restoration offered by natural spaces within the country, with a view to promoting the mental health of its residents. An online survey allowed 320 French people to evaluate four types of environment: 'urban' natural spaces in the heart of cities, spaces characterised by a blend of natural and urban features, strictly urban spaces, and natural spaces situated beyond urban areas. The variables studied were: restorative capacity, environmental preferences, happiness, perceived safety and the desire to be in the place. The results show that 'urban' natural spaces were preferred and judged to be more restorative than mixed and urban environments. The more natural elements an environment contained, the more it was preferred and perceived as restorative, helping to reduce stress and optimise people's cognitive abilities. This study also confirmed that aesthetic preferences could serve as an indicator of an environment's restorative potential. This research highlights the importance of integrating natural spaces within cities, given that their benefits for mental health are similar to those offered by natural environments outside cities and particularly conducive to restoration.
Keywords:
- France,
- restaurant effect,
- natural environments,
- aesthetic preferences,
- attention,
- stress,
- safety
Appendices
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