Abstracts
Résumé
La question du changement institutionnel est à l’origine d’une imposante littérature qui a été amplement mobilisée pour étudier les transformations à l’oeuvre dans les secteurs publics. Le présent article propose une revue de littérature critique de l’institutionnalisme organisationnel, courant particulièrement fécond et prolixe sur la question. Si ce courant a bien mis en évidence que la réflexivité et le pouvoir constituaient deux qualités des acteur·rice·s du changement, il a trop insisté sur l’efficacité sociale qu’auraient, dans les processus d’induction de formation de l’action collective, les constructions discursives. Cette insistance est ici qualifiée de « tropisme discursiviste ». Notre article défend également la nécessité de réintroduire une acception relationnelle du pouvoir — acception ancienne et aujourd’hui négligée — dans l’analyse des processus de changement. En effet, cette forme de pouvoir permet de comprendre pourquoi certains acteur·rice·s plutôt que d’autres deviennent des entrepreneur·euse·s de changement et comment leurs actions deviennent socialement efficaces, c’est-à-dire capables d’induire l’action collective.
Mots-clés :
- changement institutionnel,
- théorie institutionnelle,
- pouvoir,
- cadrage,
- entrepreneuriat
Abstract
The topic of institutional change has given rise to an impressive body of literature, which has been used extensively to study the transformations taking place in the public sector. This article offers a critical review of organizational institutionalism, a particularly fertile and prolific field within organization theory on the subject. While this field has highlighted reflexivity and power as two qualities of change actors, it has overemphasized the social effectiveness of discursive constructs in the processes of inducing collective action. This insistence is described here as “discursive tropism”. This article also argues for the need to reintroduce a relational understanding of power—an old and now neglected understanding—into the analysis of change processes. Indeed, this form of power enables us to understand why certain actors rather than others become change entrepreneurs, and how their actions become socially effective, i.e. capable of inducing collective action.
Keywords:
- Institutional change,
- institutional theory,
- power,
- framing,
- entrepreneurship
Resumen
La cuestión del cambio institucional ha dado lugar a un importante corpus bibliográfico, ampliamente utilizado para estudiar las transformaciones que se están produciendo en el sector público. Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura crítica sobre el institucionalismo organizacional, una corriente particularmente fecunda y prolífica en la materia. Si bien esta corriente ha destacado que la reflexividad y el poder son dos cualidades de los agentes de cambio, ha insistido excesivamente en la eficacia social de las construcciones discursivas en los procesos de inducción de formación de la acción colectiva. Calificamos aquí esta insistencia de « tropismo discursista ». Nuestro artículo también defiende la necesidad de reintroducir en el análisis de los procesos de cambio, una concepción relacional del poder, que es una comprensión antigua y actualmente descuidada. En efecto, esta forma de poder permite comprender por qué ciertas personas se convierten en agentes de cambio y por qué otras no y cómo las acciones llegan a ser socialmente eficaces, es decir, capaces de inducir la acción colectiva.
Palabras clave:
- cambio institucional,
- teoría institucional,
- poder,
- marco,
- emprendimiento
Appendices
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