Abstracts
Résumé
Populaire mais imprécis, le terme gouvernance revêt au moins six sens : l’État minimal, la gouvernance d’entreprise, la nouvelle gestion publique, la « bonne gouvernance », les systèmes sociocybernétiques et les réseaux auto-organisés. J’avance que le principe de gouvernance renvoie à des « réseaux interorganisationnels auto-organisés » qui servent de complément aux marchés et aux hiérarchies, étant des structures gouvernantes qui, depuis une position d’autorité, répartissent des ressources et exercent des formes de contrôle et de coordination. Je défends cette définition car elle jette un nouvel éclairage sur les derniers changements touchant le gouvernement britannique, notamment l’atrophie de l’État, la nouvelle gestion publique et la gestion intergouvernementale. J’en conclus qu’aujourd’hui, les réseaux font partie intégrante de la prestation de services en Grande-Bretagne, qu’ils sont caractérisés par la confiance et l’adaptation réciproque, qu’ils ébranlent les réformes de la gestion fondées sur la concurrence, qu’ils tendent vers l’autonomie et qu’ils résistent aux autorités centrales, ce qui les rend difficiles à gouverner.
Abstract
The term ‘governance’ is popular but imprecise. It has at least six uses, referring to : the minimal state ; corporate governance : the new public management ; ‘good governance’ ; socio-cybernetic systems : and self-organizing networks. I stipulate that governance refers to ‘self-organizing, interorganizational networks’ and argue these networks complement markets and hierarchies as governing structures for authoritatively allocating resources and exercising control and co-ordination. I defend this definition, arguing that it throws new light on recent changes in British government, most notably : hollowing out the state, the new public management, and intergovernmental management. 1 conclude that networks are now a pervasive feature of service delivery in Britain ; that such networks are characterized by trust and mutual adjustment and undermine management reforms rooted in competition ; and that they are a challenge to governability because they become autonomous and resist central guidance.
Resumen
El término « gobernanza » es ampliamente utilizado pero impreciso. Se utiliza al menos en seis acepciones : para referirse a un Estado mínimo, a la gobernanza corporativa, a la nueva gestión pública, a la « buena gobernanza », a los sistemas sociocibernéticos y a las redes autoorganizadas. Yo planteo que la gobernanza se refiere a « redes interorganizacionales y autoorganizadas » y sostengo que estas redes desarrollan una relación complementaria con los mercados y las jerarquías, como las estructuras de gobierno, para asignar recursos de forma autoritaria y ejercer control y coordinación. Defiendo esta definición, argumentando que arroja una nueva luz sobre los recientes cambios en el gobierno británico, entre los que se destacan : el vaciamiento del Estado, la nueva gestión pública y la gestión intergubernamental. Concluyo que estas redes autoorganizadas son hoy en día un atributo omnipresente del suministro de servicios en Gran Bretaña ; se caracterizan por la confianza y el ajuste mutuo y socavan las reformas de la gestión basadas en la competencia. Representan además un reto para la gobernabilidad porque se vuelven autónomas y resisten a la dirección central.
Appendices
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