Abstracts
Résumé
À partir d’une étude sociohistorique de la trajectoire judiciaire de l’affirmative action, cet article propose de revenir à nouveaux frais sur la genèse et le rôle joué par la doctrine de la diversité dans le processus de (dés)institutionnalisation de ces politiques à l’université. Dans le sillage de la décision rendue par la Cour suprême en 2023, il développe une analyse critique des principaux compromis idéologiques et pratiques que la raison de la diversité a permis d’établir. Nous avançons notamment l’idée selon laquelle, en lieu et place d’un récit magistral, celle-ci se donne à voir a posteriori et avec le recul comme une raison affaiblissante des efforts de justice raciale. Retraçant la genèse du « Plan de Harvard » à partir de sources nouvelles, l’article met en relief trois limites que le développement historique de ces politiques permet d’éclairer, à savoir la forclusion de la logique corrective, la normalisation de la blanchité, une dynamique centrée sur l’élite.
Mots-clés :
- affirmative action,
- diversité,
- Harvard,
- États-Unis
Abstract
Drawing on a sociohistorical analysis of the judicial trajectory of affirmative action, this article revisits the origins and function of the diversity legal doctrine in the (de)institutionalization of race-conscious policies in higher education. In the wake of the 2023 Supreme Court decision, it offers a critical examination of the ideological and practical trade-offs that the rationale of diversity has been pivotal in advancing. The argument advanced here is that, far from constituting a master narrative, it retrospectively emerges as a weakening force in the pursuit of racial justice. By retracing the development of the “Harvard Plan” through new sources, the article identifies three structural limitations revealed by the historical trajectory of these policies: the foreclosure of corrective justice, the normalization of whiteness, and a dynamic largely centered on elite institutions.
Keywords:
- Affirmative action,
- diversity,
- Harvard,
- United States
Resumen
A partir de un estudio sociohistórico de la trayectoria judicial de la affirmative action (acción positiva), el presente artículo propone repasar desde una óptica renovada la génesis y el papel de la doctrina de la diversidad en el proceso de (des)institucionalización de estas políticas en las universidades. A partir de un fallo dictado en 2023 por la Corte Suprema, el artículo realiza un análisis crítico de los principales compromisos ideológicos y prácticos que la lógica de la diversidad ha hecho posibles. En particular, planteamos la idea de que, más que como una narrativa magistral, esta se aprecia a posteriori y en retrospectiva como una razón que socava los esfuerzos de lucha por la justicia racial. El artículo revisita la génesis del “Plan de Harvard” a partir de nuevas fuentes y pone de relieve tres limitaciones que el desarrollo histórico de estas políticas permite esclarecer, a saber, la exclusión de la lógica correctiva, la universalización de la blancura y una dinámica centrada en la élite.
Palabras clave:
- affirmative action,
- diversidad,
- Harvard,
- Estados Unidos
Appendices
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