Abstracts
Abstract
Catatonia is a neuropsychiatric syndrome with diverse etiologies and substantial morbidity in older adults, particularly when thromboembolic complications occur. While affective disorders are frequent precipitants, catatonia following cerebrovascular events remains under‑recognized.
A 71‑year‑old woman with recent multifocal ischemic stroke, vascular neurocognitive disorder and prior depression presented with a subacute syndrome of immobility and mutism. At initial outpatient evaluation, she exhibited marked catatonic signs (Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale [BFCRS] 31/69). Lorazepam produced only partial improvement and was limited by sedation and dysarthria.
Given pharmacological resistance and tolerability issues, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was initiated, with clinical improvement after 2 sessions. ECT was interrupted due to COVID-19 infection, accompanied by proximal deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism managed with apixaban. Within 1 month of ECT interruption, catatonia symptoms reemerged. After multidisciplinary consultations, ECT was cautiously restarted. Eleven consecutive ECT sessions were then performed, with varying frequency due to confusional states emerging at 3 sessions per week. A subsequent mechanical fall, along with neuroimaging findings consistent with a subacute intracerebral hemorrhage, prompted early discontinuation of ECT. Catatonia relapsed 2 months after discontinuation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was tried without effect, and ECT was restarted with success and maintained. Adjunctive memantine and mirtazapine were trialed without clear benefit, while suspected underlying post-stroke depression was treated with high‑dose venlafaxine, which was continued throughout the entire clinical follow-up.
This case highlights the challenges of managing severe, post‑stroke catatonia in the context of venous thromboembolism, intracerebral hematoma as well as the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach.
Keywords:
- catatonia,
- electroconvulsive therapy,
- stroke,
- deep vein thrombosis,
- anticoagulation,
- older adults,
- intracerebral hemorrhage
Résumé
La catatonie est un syndrome neuropsychiatrique aux étiologies diverses, associé à une morbidité importante chez les personnes âgées, particulièrement en présence de complications thromboemboliques. Bien que les troubles affectifs constituent des facteurs déclenchants fréquents, la catatonie survenant à la suite d’événements cérébrovasculaires demeure sous-reconnue.
Une femme de 71 ans avec un antécédent d’accident vasculaire cérébral ischémique multifocal récent, un trouble neurocognitif d’origine vasculaire et des symptômes anxio-dépressifs s’est présentée avec un syndrome subaigu d’immobilité et de mutisme. Lors de l’évaluation initiale en clinique externe, elle présentait des signes catatoniques marqués (Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale [BFCRS] 31/69). Le lorazépam n’a entraîné qu’une amélioration partielle et son utilisation a été limitée par la sédation et la dysarthrie.
En raison d’une résistance aux traitements pharmacologiques et de problèmes de tolérance, une électroconvulsivothérapie (ECT) a été initiée, avec une amélioration clinique après 2 séances. L’ECT a été interrompue en raison d’une infection à la COVID-19, compliquée d’une thrombose veineuse profonde proximale et d’une embolie pulmonaire traitées par apixaban. Dans le mois suivant l’interruption de l’ECT, les symptômes de catatonie ont réapparu. Après des consultations multidisciplinaires, l’ECT a été reprise avec prudence. Onze séances consécutives d’ECT ont ensuite été réalisées, avec une fréquence variable en raison d’états confusionnels survenant à une fréquence de 3 séances d’ECT par semaine. Une chute mécanique subséquente, associée à des résultats de neuroimagerie compatibles avec une hémorragie intracérébrale subaiguë, a conduit à l’arrêt précoce de l’ECT. La catatonie a récidivé 2 mois après l’arrêt. Une stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétitive (rTMS) a été tentée sans effet, et l’ECT a été reprise avec succès et maintenue. Des traitements adjuvants (mémantine et mirtazapine), ont été essayés sans bénéfice clair, tandis qu’une dépression post-AVC suspectée a été traitée par venlafaxine à dose élevée, maintenue tout au long du suivi clinique.
Ce cas illustre les défis liés à la prise en charge d’une catatonie sévère post-AVC dans un contexte de thromboembolie veineuse et d’hémorragie intracérébrale, ainsi que les bénéfices d’une approche multidisciplinaire.
Mots-clés :
- catatonie,
- électroconvulsivothérapie,
- accident vasculaire cérébral,
- thrombose veineuse profonde,
- anticoagulation,
- personnes âgées,
- hémorragie intracérébrale
Appendices
Bibliography
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