Abstracts
Résumé
Les sciences de la santé souffrent d’insomnie : ses experts ne veillent trop souvent que sur les phénomènes associés à l’état d’éveil. Heureusement, quelques-uns défient l’horloge et se consacrent au « tiers obscur de la vie » : le sommeil. Cet article porte sur l’interface entre le sommeil et la pédopsychiatrie. La première partie décrit d’abord l’histoire du développement du laboratoire de recherche sur le sommeil et les troubles de la santé mentale, les premières recherches qui y ont été faites sur le sommeil dans la schizophrénie et l’autisme, puis le développement de la Clinique des troubles du sommeil pour enfants et adolescents de l’Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies. La deuxième partie décrit d’abord l’impact d’un mauvais sommeil sur le fonctionnement diurne des enfants et adolescents en général puis rapporte des données statistiques sur la fréquence des troubles du sommeil et leurs conséquences cliniques chez les enfants et adolescents avec un diagnostic psychiatrique. On présente ensuite la Clinique des troubles du sommeil de l’Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, qui s’adresse spécifiquement et sélectivement aux enfants aux prises avec un diagnostic psychiatrique, puis on en résume le mode de fonctionnement et la démarche clinique.
Mots-clés :
- troubles du sommeil,
- évaluation clinique,
- enfant,
- adolescents,
- psychiatrie
Abstract
Objectives Health sciences suffer from insomnia: experts too often concentrate their efforts on the wake state. Fortunately enough, some of them have taken the road towards the “Dark Third of Life”: sleep. This article gives an historical account of the development of the first Canadian sleep disorders laboratory and clinic specifically and selectively designed for children and adolescents with a psychiatric diagnosis. It then stresses the importance of sleep in children bearing a psychiatric diagnosis and summarizes therapeutic strategies.
Methods Data-on-file and selective review of literature.
Results An innovative scheme matching sleep psychologists and psychiatrists with expertise in neurodevelopmental disorders led to the creation of a sleep research laboratory on mental health disorders. The initial research projects on the sleep and dreams of patients with schizophrenia and persons with autism are summarized. The Sleep Disorders Clinic for Children and Adolescents was then created at the Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies, leading to much needed activities focused on youth. Indeed, sleep disorders show a high prevalence in children with a psychiatric diagnosis and the literature shows that these children have an increased sensitivity for diurnal effects of poor sleep. The main sleep-relevant issues at stake are reviewed, including the high frequency of sleep disorders in pedopsychiatric patients. Clinical challenges are described and the operating mode of the Sleep Disorders Clinic is illustrated.
Conclusion Sleep disorders and their effects on daytime functioning need to be assessed in children with a psychiatric diagnosis in order to generate a full clinical picture. Appropriate tools and know-how are readily available in order to achieve this goal.
Keywords:
- sleep disorders,
- clinical assessment,
- children,
- adolescents,
- psychiatry
Appendices
Bibliographie
- American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2014). International classification of sleep disorders, 3rd ed., Darien, IL.
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC.
- Avis, K. T. et Gamble K. L. (2014). Does excessive daytime sleepiness affect children’s pedestrian safety ? Sleep, 37(2), 283-287.
- Bah, T. M., Laplante, F., Wann, B. P., Sullivan, R., Rousseau, G. et Godbout, R. (2010). Paradoxical sleep insomnia and decreased cholinergic neurons following myocardial infarction in the rat. Sleep, 33(12), 1703-1710.
- Bah, T. M., Benderdour, M., Kaloustian, S., Karam, R., Rousseau, G. et Godbout, R. (2011a). Escitalopram reduces circulating proinflammatory cytokines and improves depressive behavior without affecting sleep in a rat model of post cardiac infarct depression. Behavioural Brain Research, 225, 243-251.
- Bah, T. M., Kaloustian, S., Rousseau, G. et Godbout, R. (2011b). Pretreatment with pentoxifylline has antidepressant-like effects in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction. Behavioural Pharmacology, 22(8), 779-784.
- Beaulieu I et Godbout R. (2000). Spatial learning on the Morris Water Maze test after a short-term paradoxical sleep deprivation in the rat. Brain and Cognition, 43 : 27-31.
- Beebe, D. W. (2011). Cognitive, behavioral, and functional consequences of inadequate sleep in children and adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am., 58(3), 649–665.
- Beebe, D. W. et Gozal, D. (2002). Obstructive sleep apnea and the prefrontal cortex : towards a comprehensive model linking nocturnal upper airway obstruction to daytime cognitive and behavioral deficits. J Sleep Res, 11, 1-16.
- Bériault, M., Labrosse, M., Verreault, M., Berthiaume, C., Lageix, P., Turgeon, L. et Godbout, R. (2009). Sleep in children with attention deficit disorders : Effects of comorbid anxiety and response to treatment. Sleep, 32 (suppl.), A65 (résumé).
- Biggs, S. N., Nixon, G. M. et Horne, R. S. (2014). The conundrum of primary snoring in children : what are we missing in regards to cognitive and behavioural morbidity ? Sleep Medicine Reviews,18(6), 463-75.
- Blunden, S., Hoban, T. et Chervin, R. D. (2006). Sleepiness in children. Sleep Med Clin, 1, 105e18
- Brown, R. E., Basheer, R., McKenna, J.T., Strecker, R. E., McCarley, R. W. (2012). Control of sleep and wakefulness. Physiol Rev, 92, 1087-1187.
- Brown, C. A., Kuo, M., Phillips, L., Berry, R. et Tan, M. (2013). Non-pharmacological sleep interventions for youth with chronic health conditions : a critical review of the methodological quality of the evidence. Disability & Rehabilitation, 35(15), 1221-1255.
- Challamel, M. J. (2009). Le sommeil de l’enfant. Paris, France : Masson.
- Chervin, R. D., Archbold, K. H., Panahi, P. et Pituch, K. J. (2001). Sleep problems seldom addressed at two general pediatric clinics. Pediatrics, 107(6), 1375-1380.
- Chouinard, S., Poulin, J., Stip E. et Godbout R. (2004). Sleep in untreated patients with schizophrenia : A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(4), 957-967.
- Corkum, P., Davidson, F., Tan-MacNeill, K. et Weiss, S. (2014). Sleep in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders : A focus on insomnia in children with AD/HD and ASD. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 9, 149-168.
- Everson, C. A., Bergmann, B. M. et Rechtschaffen, A. (1989). Sleep deprivation in the rat : III. Total sleep deprivation. Sleep, 12(1), 13-21.
- Forest, G. et Godbout, R. (2000). Effects of sleep deprivation on performance and EEG spectral analysis in young adults. Brain and Cognition, 43 : 195-200.
- Forest, G., Poulin, J., Daoust, A. M., Lussier, I., Stip E. et Godbout R. (2007). Attention and Non-REM sleep in neuroleptic-naive persons with schizophrenia and control participants. Psychiatry Research, 149, 33-40.
- Gauthier, A. K., Chevrette, T., Bouvier, H. et Godbout, R. (2009). Evening vs. morning wake EEG activity in adolescents with anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders , 23, 112-117.
- Godbout, R. (2011). Le sommeil chez les jeunes… pas toujours de tout repos. DVD (63minutes) et guide d’accompagnement (12 pages), pour élèves, professeurs professionnels de la santé et décideurs. Montréal : CECOM, Hôpital Rivière-des-Prairies.
- Godbout R. (sous presse). Le sommeil normal et pathologique. Dans Lalonde, P. et Pinard, G.G., Éds. Psychiatrie clinique : Approche bio-psycho-sociale, 4e édition, Tome 1, chap. 32. Montréal, Canada : Chenelière.
- Godbout, R., Bergeron, C., Stip, E. et Mottron, L. (1998). A laboratory study of sleep and dreaming in a case of Asperger’s syndrome. Dreaming, 8, 75-88.
- Godbout, R., Bergeron, C., Limoges, E., Stip, E. et Mottron, L. (2000). A laboratory study of sleep in Asperger’s Syndrome. NeuroReport, 11, 127-130.
- Godbout, R., Huynh, C. et Martello, E. (2010). Le sommeil et les adolescents, Revue québécoise de psychologie, 31(2), 133-148.
- Godbout, R., Jelenic, P., Labrie, C., Schmitt, M., Bourguignon, J. J. (1995). Effect of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and its antagonist NCS-382 on prefrontal cortex firing in the rat. Brain Research, 673, 157-160.
- Guénolé, F., Chevrier, E., Stip, E. et Godbout. (2014). A microstructural study of sleep instability in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia : sleep spindles, rapid eye movements, and muscle atonia. Schizophrenia Research, 155(1-3), 31-38.
- Gruber, R., Carrey, N., Weiss, S. K., Frappier, J.Y., Rourke, L., Brouillette, R. T., Wise, M. S. (2024). Position statement on pediatric sleep for psychiatrists. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 23(3), 174-195.
- Gulevich, G., Dement, W. C. et Johnson, L. (1966). Psychiatric and EEG observations on a case of prolonged (264 hours) wakefulness. Arch Gen Psychiatry,15(1), 29-35.
- Huynh, C., Guilé, J. M., Breton, J. J. et Godbout R. (2015). Sleep-wake patterns of adolescents with borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, May 24. [Epub ahead of print] PMID : 26003420
- Ivanenko, A. et Gururaj, B. R. (2009). Classification and epidemiology of sleep disorders. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 18(4), 839-848.
- Ivanenko, A. et Johnson, K. (2008). Sleep disturbances in children with psychiatric disorders. Semin Pediatr Neurol,15(2), 70-78.
- Ivanenko, A., Crabtree, V. M., O’Brien, L. M. et Gozal, D. (2006). Sleep complaints and psychiatric symptoms in children evaluated at a pediatric mental health clinic. J Clin Sleep Med, 2(1), 42-48.
- Lambert, A., Tessier, S., Chevrier, É., Scherzer, P. B., Mottron, L. et Godbout, R. (2013). Sleep patterns in children with high functioning autism : Polysomnography, questionnaires and diaries in a non-complaining sample. Sleep Medicine, 14 (Suppl.), e137-e138.
- Lusignan, F. A., Zadra, A., Dubuc, M.J., Daoust, A. M., Mottard, J. P. et Godbout R. (2009). Dream content in chronically-treated persons with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 112, 164-173.
- Moreau, V., Rouleau, N. et Morin, C. M. (2014). Sleep of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder : actigraphic and parental reports. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 12(1), 69-83.
- Martello, E. (2015) Enfin je dors… et mes parents aussi, 2e édition. Montréal, Canada : Éditions CHU Sainte-Justine.
- Martello, E. et Godbout, R. (2012). Le traitement cognitivo-comportemental des troubles de sommeil chez les enfants et les adolescents. Dans : Turgeon L. et Parent, S. éds. Intervention cognitivo-comportementale auprès des enfants et des adolescents. Manuel pratique pour les intervenants, 1(8). Québec : Presses de l’Université du Québec : pp. 207-230.
- Meltzer, L. J. et Montgomery-Downs, H. E. (2011). Sleep in the family. Pediatr Clin North Am,58(3), 765-774.
- Meltzer, L. J., Johnson, C., Crosette, J., Ramos, M. et Mindell, J. A. (2010). Prevalence of diagnosed sleep disorders in pediatric primary care practices. Pediatrics, 125(6), 1410-1418.
- Meltzer, L. J. et Mindell, J. A. (2014). Systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioral interventions for pediatric insomnia. J Pediatr Psychol, 39(8), 932-948.
- Mindell, J. A., Kuhn, B., Lewin, D. S., Meltzer, L. J. et Sadeh, A. (2006). Behavioral treatment of bedtime problems and night wakings in infants and young children. Sleep, 29(10), 1263-1276.
- Mograss, M. A., Guillem, F., Godbout, R. (2008). Event-related potentials differentiates the processes involved in the effects of sleep on recognition memory. Psychophysiology, 45, 420-434.
- Montplaisir, J. et Godbout, R. (1991). Sleep and biological rhythms : basic mechanisms and applications to psychiatry. New York, NY : Oxford.
- O’Brien, L. M., Mervis, C. B., Holbrook, C. R., Bruner, J. L., Klaus, C.J., Rutherford, J., Raffield, T. J. et Gozal D. (2004). Neurobehavioral implications of habitual snoring in children. Pediatrics, 114(1), 44-49.
- Owens, J. A. et Moturi S. (2009). Pharmacologic treatment of pediatric insomnia. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 18(4), 1001-1016.
- Owens, J. A., Rosen, C. L., Mindell, J. A. et Kirchner, H. L. (2010). Use of pharmacotherapy for insomnia in child psychiatry practice : A national survey. Sleep Med, 11(7), 692-700.
- Poulin, J., Daoust, A. M., Forest, G., Stip E. et Godbout R. (2003). Sleep architecture and its clinical correlates in first episode and neuroleptic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 62(1-2), 147-153.
- Poulin, J., Stip E. et Godbout R. (2008). REM sleep EEG spectral analysis in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42, 1086-1093.
- Poulin, J., Chouinard, S., Pampoulova, T., Lecomte, Y., Stip, E. et Godbout, R. (2010). Sleep habits in middle-aged, non-hospitalized men and women with schizophrenia : a comparison with healthy controls. Psychiatry Research, 179(3), 274-278.
- Roenneberg, T. (2012). Internal Time : Chronotypes, Social Jet Lag, and Why You’re So Tired. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
- Ross, J. (1965). Neurological findings after prolonged sleep deprivation. Archives of Neurology, 12, 399-403.
- Schreck, K. A., Mulick, J. A. et Smith, A. F. (2004). Sleep problems as possible predictors of intensified symptoms of autism. Res Dev Disabil, 25(1), 57-66.
- Shanahan, L., Copeland, W. E., Angold A., Bondy C. L. et Costello E. J. (2014). Sleep problems predict and are predicted by generalized anxiety/depression and oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry,53(5), 550-558.
- Shochat, T., Cohen-Zion, M. et Tzischinsky, O. (2014). Functional consequences of inadequate sleep in adolescents : a systematic review. Sleep Med,18(1), 75-87.
- Solms, M. (1997). The neuropsychology of dreams : A clinico-anatomical study. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
- Stip E. et Godbout, R. (1995). Cortex préfrontal, monoamines et neuropsychologie de la schizophrénie. Médecine Sciences, 11, 1531-1538.
- Tikotzky, L. et Sadeh, A. (2010). The role of cognitive-behavioral therapy in behavioral childhood insomnia. Sleep Med, 11(7), 686-691.
- Touchette, E., Chollet, A., Galéra, C., Fombonne, E., Falissard, B., Boivin, M. et Melchior, M. (2012). Prior sleep problems predict internalising problems later in life. J Affect Disord. ; 143(1-3), 166-171.
- Tremblay, H., Godbout, R., Girodias, V., Schmitt, M., Bourguignon, J. J. (1998). Effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on ventral tegmental unit activity in the rat : considerations on REM sleep control. Sleep Research Online, 1, 152-158.
- Wann, B. P., Bah, T. M., Kaloustian, S., Boucher, M., Dufort, A. M., Le Marec, N., Godbout, R. et Rousseau, G. (2009). Behavioural signs of depression and apoptosis in the limbic system following myocardial infarction : effects of sertraline. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 23(4), 451-459.
- Zerouali, Y., Jemel, B. et Godbout, R. (2010). The effects of early and late night partial sleep deprivation on automatic and selective attention : An ERP study. Brain Research, 1308, 87-99.