Abstracts
Résumé
Peu de données sont disponibles sur la distribution des Apicomplexa parasites du tube digestif de l’homme. Ils causent pourtant des maladies diarrhéiques de très grande envergure. Une étude menée de janvier à août 2011, dans le cours d’eau Olézoa à Yaoundé (Cameroun), a visé à rechercher et caractériser les oocystes de Cyclospora cayetanensis. Les échantillonnages ont été effectués en amont et en aval du cours d’eau, sur deux stations localisées en zone fortement anthropisées. L’identification des oocystes de C. cayetanensis isolés à l’aide de l’observation directe après coloration au Lugol et selon la technique de Ziehl-Neelsen, a montré qu’ils sont constitués de deux sporocystes contenant chacun deux sporozoïtes. La dynamique d’abondance de ce microorganisme est significativement corrélée à la turbidité, à la température et au pH de l’eau (p < 0,01). Par ailleurs, les formes non sporulées sont plus abondantes que les formes sporulées dans l’environnement et sont fortement corrélées aux teneurs en oxygène dissous qui est un paramètre très important pour leur sporogénèse. En amont du cours d’eau, l’abondance la plus élevée de C. cayetanensis a été de 407 oocystes•L-1 et la valeur enregistrées en aval été de 250 oocystes•L-1. La population de C. cayetanensis observée a été largement dominée par les formes non sporulées de taille 8 µm. La concentration des oocystes la plus élevée en utilisant la technique directe et celle de Ziehl-Neelsen a été enregistrée respectivement au cours des mois de juin et juillet; ces périodes se situent respectivement à la fin de la petite saison des pluies et au début de la saison sèche.
Mots-clés :
- Cours d’eau,
- Cyclospora cayetanensis,
- oocystes,
- sporocystes,
- sporozoïtes
Abstract
Little information is available on the distribution of enteropathogenic apicomplexa of the human digestive apparatus, these agents being responsible for endemic diarrheic diseases. A study carried out in the Olézoa water course in Yaoundé (Cameroon) revealed that this water contains the oocysts of Cyclospora cayetanensis. Samples for the analysis of biological and physico-chemical characteristics were obtained upstream and downstream with respect to the strongly human polluted zone. The identification of Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts by direct observation and Ziehl-Neelsen techniques revealed that these oocysts contain two sporocysts, each having two sporozoïtes. Statistically, turbidity, temperature and pH have a significant effect (p<0.01) on the population dynamics of these microorganisms. The highest mean concentration of oocysts identified upstream was 407 oocysts•L-1 in the month of August. The non sporulated forms of oocysts are more abundant than the sporulated forms in the environment and are strongly linked to dissolved oxygen levels, oxygen being a parameter that is very important for the process of sporulation and viability. Non sporulated forms of oocysts, 8 µm in size, are dominant in the ecosystem analyzed in our investigations. These resistant forms of parasites that are present in the surface and wastewater represent a considerable health risk to the inhabitants of the study zone who could easily be exposed to cyclosporiasis.The two methods which have been carried out are complementary in the characterisation of the resistant forms of these enteropathogens.
Keywords:
- Olezoa water course,
- oocysts,
- Cameroon,
- sporocysts,
- sporulated forms,
- non sporulated forms,
- sporozoïtes,
- Cyclospora cayetanensis
Appendices
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