ror.org/002rjbv21
Abstracts
Résumé
De nombreux programmes et projets de revitalisation, à travers différentes actions, mettent en scène une authenticité « pasteurisée » et sécurisent les quartiers afin d’offrir une expérience. En s’intéressant aux transformations de l’environnement construit des quartiers centraux montréalais, à leur gentrification et à ses impacts sur les populations locales, nos travaux ont mis en lumière un nouveau phénomène dans les quartiers montréalais et plus spécifiquement dans le Quartier des spectacles : à la marchandisation du logement s’ajoute une « hypermarchandisation de la vie urbaine » visant les résidents potentiels comme s’ils étaient des touristes dans leur propre vie. L’analyse de discours promotionnels de nouveaux développements immobiliers montre que la bulle touristique s’étend vers les espaces quotidiens de l’habiter.
Mots-clés:
- revitalisation,
- gentrification,
- touristification du quotidien,
- bulle touristique,
- Montréal
Abstract
Many revitalization programs and projects, through different actions, stage a “pasteurized” authenticity and shield off neighborhoods in order to offer an experience. By focusing on the transformations of the built environment of Montreal’s central neighbourhoods, and on their gentrification and the impacts thereof on local populations, our work has brought to light a new phenomenon in Montreal’s neighbourhoods and more specifically in the Quartier des Spectacles: The commodification of housing is expanded to include a “hyper-commodification of urban life” that views potential residents as if they were tourists in their own lives. An analysis of the promotional discourse of new real estate developments shows that the tourist bubble is extending into the everyday spaces of living.
Keywords:
- revitalization,
- gentrification,
- touristification of everyday life,
- tourist bubble,
- Montreal
Appendices
Bibliographie
-
Aalbers, Manuel B., 2017 « The Variegated Financialization of Housing », International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 41, 4: 542-554. 10.1111/1468-2427.12522 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Agamben, Giorgio, 1998 Homo Sacer. Sovereign Power and Bare Life, Stanford, Stanford University Press.10.1068/c09163 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Allmendinger, Phil et Graham Haughton, 2010 « Spatial Planning, Devolution, and New Planning Spaces », Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 28, 5 : 803-818.10.1068/c09163 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Anderson, Elijah, 2004 « The Cosmopolitan Canopy », The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 595, 1 : 14-31.10.1177/0002716204266833 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bélanger, Anouk, 2005 « Montréal vernaculaire/Montréal spectaculaire : dialectique de l’imaginaire urbain », Sociologie et Sociétés, 37, 1 : 13-34.
10.7202/012274ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bélanger, Hélène, 2012 « The meaning of the built environment during gentrification in Canada », Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, 27, 1 : 31-47.10.1007/s10901-011-9248-3 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bélanger, Hélène, 2014 « Revitalisation du Faubourg Saint-Laurent (Montréal) : facteur de changement social? », Cahiers de géographie du Québec, 58, 164 : 277-292.10.7202/1031170ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bélanger, Hélène et Sara Cameron, 2016 « L’expérience d’habiter dans ou autour du Quartier des spectacles de Montréal », Lien social et Politiques, 77 : 126-147.10.7202/1037905ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bélanger, Hélène, Dominic Lapointe et Alexis Guillemard, 2020 « Central neighborhoods revitalization and tourist bubble: from gentrification to the daily life touristification in Montreal », dans : Jonathan Bean, Susannah Dickinson et Ida Aletheia, Critical Practices in Architecture. The Unexamined, Newcastle upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 69-94.10.4324/9780203802182 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Brenner, Neil, Peter Marcuse et Margit Mayer, 2009 « Cities for people, not for profit », City, 13, 2-3 : 176-184.10.1080/13604810903020548 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Brenner, Neil, Peter Marcuse et Margit Mayer, 2012 Cities for People, Not for Profit: Critical Urban Theory and the Right to the City, London, Routledge.10.4324/9780203802182 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Brenner, Neil et Nikolas Theodore, 2002 Spaces of Neoliberalism Urban Restructuring in North America and Western Europe, Malden, Mass. et Oxford, Blackwell (Antipode Book Series).10.1002/9781444397499 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Bridge, Gary, 2014 « On Marxism, Pragmatism and Critical Urban Studies », International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 38, 5 : 1644-1659. 10.1111/1468-2427.12057 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Brouder, Patrick, 2018 « The end of tourism? A Gibson-Graham inspired reflection on the tourism economy », Tourism Geographies, 20, 5 : 916-918. 10.1080/14616688.2018.1519721 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Brown, Wendy, 2015 Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution (1re édition), New York, Zone Books.10.2307/j.ctt17kk9p8 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Burgess, Ernest W., 1928 « Residential Segregation in American Cities », The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 140, 1 :105-115.10.1177/000271622814000115 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Certeau, Michel de, 1990 L’invention du quotidien. Arts de faire. Habiter, cuisiner, Nouvelle édition revue et augmentée/présenté par Luce Giard (dir.), Paris, Gallimard.10.3406/ingeo.1998.2586 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Dann, Graham M. S., 1996 « Greenspeak: An Analysis of the Language of Eco‐Tourism », Progress in Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2, 3‐4 : 247-259.10.1002/pth.6070020306 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Davidson, Mark et Loretta Lees, 2005 « New-build “gentrification” and London’s riverside renaissance », Environment and Planning A, 37: 1165-1190.10.1068/a3739 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Di Méo, Guy, 1998 « De l’espace aux territoires : éléments pour une archéologie des concepts fondamentaux de la géographie », L’information géographique, 62, 3 : 99-110.10.3406/ingeo.1998.2586 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Eisenschitz, Aram, 2010 « Neo-liberalism and the future of place marketing », Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 6, 2 : 79. 10.1057/pb.2010.12 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Éthier, Guillaume et Antonin Margier, 2019 « Spectacularisation urbaine et logement social : la place des Habitations Jeanne-Mance dans le Quartier des spectacles de Montréal », Métropoles, 24. 10.4000/metropoles.6771 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Ek, Richard et Mekonnen Tesfahuney, 2016 « The Paradigmatic Tourist », dans : Tourism Research Paradigms: Critical and Emergent Knowledges, vol. 22, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, p. 113-129.10.1108/S1571-504320150000022013 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Fainstein, Susan S. et Dennis R. Judd, 1999 The Tourist City, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.10.3406/noroi.1998.6863 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Ganau, Joan, 2008 « Reinventing Memories. The Origin and Development of Barcelona’s Barri Gotic, 1880-1950 », Journal of Urban History, 34, 5: 795-832.10.1177/0096144208315681 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Gaudreau, Louis, 2017 « Quand le domicile devient un actif financier. Économie politique de la financiarisation du marché de l’habitation au Canada », Revue française de socio- économie, 18, 1 : 143-163. 10.3917/rfse.018.0143 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Gaudreau, Louis, Marc-André Houle, Hélène Bélanger et Ted Rutland, 2018 « Droit au logement fragilisé par la financiarisation », Ligue des droits et libertés, 14 mai 2018. [https://liguedesdroits.ca/droit-au-logement-fragilise-par-la-financiarisation/], consulté le 1er février 2019.10.3727/108354218X15210313504553 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Germain, Annick, Laurence Liégeois et Heidi Hoernig, 2008 « Les espaces publics en contexte multiethnique : religion, visibilité et pasteurisation », dans : Xavier Leloup et Martha Radice (dir.), Les nouveaux territoires de l’ethnicité, Québec, Les Presses de l’Université Laval, p. 157-181.10.4000/cybergeo.1824 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Gibson, Timothy, 2005 « La ville et le “spectacle” : commentaires sur l’utilisation du “Spectacle” dans la sociologie urbaine contemporaine », Sociologie et sociétés, 37, 1 : 171-195.10.7202/012282ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Goodman, Nelson, 1978 Ways of Worldmaking, Indianapolis, Hackett Publishing Company.10.4000/etudescaribeennes.8810 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Gravari-Barbas, Maria, 1998 « Belle, propre, festive et sécurisante : l’esthétique de la ville touristique », Norois, 45, 178: 175-193.10.3406/noroi.1998.6863 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Groth, Paul Erling, 1994 Living Downtown the History of Residential Hotels in the United States, Berkeley, University of California Press.10.7202/1002498ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Groupe Altus, 2017 Étude des retombées économiques Pôle Place des Arts, Quartier des spectacles, Arrondissement Ville-Marie, Montréal (Québec). Numéro de dossier 23320.102810.000.10.1079/9780851996066.0109 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Hackworth, Jason et Neil Smith, 2001 « The changing state of gentrification », Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 92, 4 : 464-477. 10.1111/1467-9663.00172 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Harvey, David, 1989 « From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism », Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 71, 1 : 3-17.10.1080/04353684.1989.11879583 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Harvey, David, 2001 Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography, New York, Routledge.10.3406/homso.1974.1855 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Hollinshead, Keith et Rukeya Suleman, 2018 « The Everyday Instillations of Worldmaking: New Vistas of Understanding on the Declarative Reach of Tourism », Tourism Analysis, 23, 2 : 201-213.10.3727/108354218X15210313504553 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Hoyaux, André-Frédéric, 2002 « Entre construction territoriale et constitution ontologique de l’habitant : Introduction épistémologique aux apports de la phénoménologie au concept d’habiter », Cybergeo. [https://doi.org/10.4000/cybergeo.1824] 10.4000/cybergeo.1824 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Iveson, Kurt, 2007 Publics and the City, Malden, MA et Oxford, Blackwell Pub (Rgs-Ibg Book Series).10.1002/9780470761748 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Jeannite, Sadais et Dominic Lapointe, 2016 « La production de l’espace touristique de l’Île-à-Vache (Haïti) : illustration du processus de développement géographique inégal », Études Caribéennes, 33, 33-34. 10.4000/etudescaribeennes.8810 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Judd, Dennis R., 1999 « Constructing the tourist bubble », dans : Dennis R. Judd et Suzan S. Fainstein (dir.), The Tourist City, New Haven, Yale University Press, p. 35-53.10.1007/978-1-349-87747-8 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Katz, Marc, 1999 « The Hotel Kracauer », Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 11, 2 : 134-152.10.1215/10407391-11-2-134 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Klein, Juan Luis, 2008 « Territoire et régulation : l’effet instituant de l’initiative locale », Cahiers de recherche sociologique, 45 : 41-57. 10.7202/1002498ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Kracauer, Siegfried, 1927 (2004) « The Mass Ornament: Weimar Essays », dans : Malcolm Miles, Tim Hall et Iain Borden, The City Culture Reader, London, Routledge. 10.3917/arco.paill.2016.01 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Kuhn, Lesley, 2002 « Trusting tourists: an investigation into tourism, trust and social order », dans : Graham M. S. Dann, The tourist as a metaphor of the social world, Wallingford, CABI, p. 109-12110.1079/9780851996066.0109 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Lapointe, Dominic, 2020a « Tourism territory/territoire(s) touristique(s): when mobility challenges the concept », dans : Mathis Stock (dir.), Progress in Francophone Tourism Geographies. Inhabiting touristic worlds, Dordrecht Springer, p. 104-118.10.1007/978-3-030-52136-3_6 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Lapointe, Dominic, 2020b « Reconnecting tourism after COVID-19: the paradox of alterity in tourism areas », Tourism Geographies, 1-6. [https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.176211]10.1080/14616688.2020.1762115 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Lefebvre, Henri, 1974 La production de l’espace, Paris, Anthropos (Collection Societé et urbanisme).10.3406/homso.1974.1855 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Lloyd, Kathleen et Christopher Auld, 2003 « Leisure, public space and quality of life in the urban environment », Urban Policy and Research, 21, 4 : 339-356.10.1080/0811114032000147395 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Lofland, Lyn H., 1998 The Public Realm: Exploring the City’s Quintessential Social Territory, Hawthorne, N.Y., Aldine de Gruyter.10.1080/14616688.2016.1258433 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Logan, John R. et Harvey Luskin Molotch, 1987 Urban fortunes: the Political Economy of Place, Berkeley (Calif.), University of California Press. 10.1080/14616680500291188 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
MacCannell, Dean, 1976 The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure class, Berkeley (Calif.), University of California Press.10.1111/1467-8330.00249 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Madanipour, Ali, 2003 Public and Private Spaces of the City, London et New York, Routledge.10.4324/9780203402856 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Mallet, Shelley, 2004 « Understanding home: a critical review of the literature », Sociological Review, 52, 1 : 62-89.10.1111/j.1467-954X.2004.00442.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
McNeill, Donald, 2008 « The hotel and the city », Progress in Human Geography, 32, 3 : 383-398.10.1177/0309132508089096 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Meethan, Kevin, 2001 Tourism in Global Society: Place, Culture, Consumption, Basingstoke, Palgrave.10.1007/978-1-349-87747-8 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Metzger, Jonathan, 2011 « Neither Revolution, nor Resignation: (Re)Democratizing Contemporary Planning Praxis: A Commentary on Allmendinger and Haughton’s “Spatial Planning, Devolution, and New Planning Spaces” », Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 29, 2 : 191-196.10.1068/c10210 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Morin, Richard, Michel Parazelli et Kenza Benali, 2008 « Conflits d’appropriation d’espaces urbains centraux : prendre en compte les modes de relation des groupes d’acteurs », Nouvelles pratiques sociales, 20, 2 : 142-157.10.7202/018453ar
Google Scholar
Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Office de consultation publique de Montréal, 2018 « What is the OCPM? ». [http://ocpm.qc.ca/fr/english], consulté le 1er mars 2020.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576746.003.0011 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Paillé, Pierre et Alex Mucchielli, 2016 L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales (4e édition), Paris, Armand Colin. 10.3917/arco.paill.2016.01 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Partenariat du Quartier des spectacles, 2020 Le partenariat du Quartier des spectacles. [https://www.quartierdesspectacles.com/fr/a-propos/partenariat-du-qds/], consulté le 10 janvier 2020.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Plaza, Beatriz, 2006 « The Return on Investment of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao », International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 30, 2 : 452-467. 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2006.00672.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Quartier des spectacles, 2015 Le Quartier des spectacles en chiffres. [https://www.quartierdesspectacles.com/fr/blogue/596/le-quartier-des-spectacles-en-chiffres2015], consulté le 1er février 2019.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Roelofsen, Maartje et Claudio Minca, 2018 « The Superhost. Biopolitics, Home and Community in the Airbnb Dream-World of Global Hospitality », Geoforum, 91, February : 170-181. 10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.02.021 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Rose, Damaris, 2004 « Discourses and experiences of social mix in gentrifying neighbourhoods: a Montreal case study », Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 13: 278-316.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Rose, Damaris, 2010 « Local state policy and “new-build gentrification” in Montréal: the role of the “population factor” in a fragmented governance context », Population, Space and Place, 16, 5 : 413-428. 10.1002/psp.592 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Rosen, Gillad et Alan Walks, 2015 « Castles in Toronto Sky: Condo-Ism as Urban Transformation », Journal of Urban Affairs, 37, 3 : 289-310.10.1111/juaf.12140 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Russo, Antonio Paulo et Alessandro Scarnato, 2018 « “Barcelona in common”: A new urban regime for the 21st-century tourist city? », Journal of Urban Affairs, 40, 4 : 455-474.10.1080/07352166.2017.1373023 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Saarinen, Jarkko, 2017 « Enclavic tourism spaces: territorialization and bordering in tourism destination development and planning », Tourism Geographies, 19, 3 : 425-43710.1080/14616688.2016.1258433 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Smith, Andrew, 2005 « Conceptualizing City Image Change: The “Re-Imaging” of Barcelona », Tourism Geographies, 7, 4: 398-423. 10.1080/14616680500291188 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Smith, Neil, 1996 The New Urban Frontier: Gentrification and the Revanchist City, Londres et New York, Routledge.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Smith, Neil, 2002 « New globalism, new urbanism: Gentrification as global urban strategy », Antipode, 34, 3 : 427-450.10.1111/1467-8330.00249 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Van criekingen, Mathieu, 2013 « La gentrification mise en politiques », Métropoles. [http://journals.openedition.org/metropoles/4753], [https://doi.org/10.4000/metropoles.4753].10.4000/metropoles.4753 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ville de Montréal, 2007 Programme particulier d’urbanisme : Quartier des Spectacles - Secteur Place-Des-Arts. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ville de Montréal, 2013 Programme particulier d’urbanisme : Quartier des Spectacles - Secteur Pôle du Quartier latin.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Ville de Montréal, 2018 Projets immobiliers. [http://ville.montreal.qc.ca/portal/page?_pageid=7317,97041588&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL], consulté le 15 janvier 2020.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Wachsmuth, David et Alexander Weisler, 2018 « Airbnb and the rent gap: Gentrification through the sharing economy », Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 50, 6: 1147-1170. 10.1177/0308518X18778038 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Wirth, Louis, 1927 « The Ghetto », American Journal of Sociology, 33, 1: 57-71. 10.1086/214333 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Wise, J. Macgregor, 2000 « Home: Territory and Identity », Cultural Studies, 14, 2 : 295-310. 10.1080/095023800334896 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Zukin, Sharon, 2010 Naked City: The Death and Life of Authentic Urban Places, New York, Oxford University Press.10.1093/oso/9780195382853.001.0001 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Zukin, Sharon, Valerie Trujillo, Peter Frase, Danielle Jackson, Tim Recuber et Abraham Walker, 2009 « New Retail Capital and Neighbourhood Change: Boutiques and Gentrification in New York City », City & Community, 8, 1 : 47-64.10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01269.x Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
-
Zwick, Detlev et Yesim Ozalp, 2011 « Flipping the Neighborhood: Biopolitical Marketing as Value Creation for Condos and Lofts », dans : Detlev Zwick et Julien Cayla (dir.), Inside Marketing: Practices, Ideologies, Devices, Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 234-253.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199576746.003.0011 Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- 21eArrondissement, 2020 21e Arrondissement. Condos à la croisée du Vieux-Montréal et Griffintown. [http://le21e.prevel.ca/fr/], consulté le 3 janvier 2020.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Centracondos, 2020 Le luxe de la perfection. [http://www.centracondos.com], consulté le 3 janvier 2020. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Encore, 2020 Résidences de luxe à louer à Montréal | centre-ville. [https://liveatencore.com/fr/], consulté le 3 janvier 2020.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Hôtel Ritz Carlton, 2020 Hôtel Ritz Carlton Montréal. [https://www.ritzcarlton.com/fr/hotels/canada/montreal], consulté le 3 janvier 2020.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Hotel William Gray, 2020 Hôtel William Gray | Vieux-Montréal. [https://hotelwilliamgray.com/], consulté le 3 janvier 2020. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Humaniti, 2020 L’unique communauté verticale évoluée. [https://www.humanitimontreal.com/], consulté le 3 janvier 2020.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Laurent & Clark, 2020 Condos de luxe. Quartier des spectacles. Laurent & Clark. [http://laurent-clark.com/fr], consulté le 3 janvier 2020. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Le 628 Saint-Jacques, 2020 Le luxe d’une vie sans compromis. [https://628saint-jacques.com/fr/], consulté le 3 janvier 2020.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Les Tours YUL, 2020 Le chic de ville signé YUL. [https://www.yulcentreville.com/], consulté le 3 janvier 2020.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Maestria, 2020 La plus haute tour résidentielle de Montréal. [https://www.maestriacondos.com/], consulté le 3 janvier 2020.Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Quinzecent, 2020 Condominium + vous. Vision accomplie. [https://www.1500montreal.ca/], consulté le 3 janvier 2020. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar
- Tour des Canadiens, 2020 La vie est un jeu. Soyez de la partie! [http://tourdescanadiens.com/], consulté le 3 janvier 2020. Google Scholar Search this bibliographic reference on Google Scholar