Abstracts
Résumé
Selon certaines théories, la mondialisation aurait des effets négatifs sur le marché du travail, notamment sur l’accroissement des inégalités salariales. D’autre part, on fait souvent valoir que les inégalités sont largement déterminées par les choix politiques et, par exemple, que les gouvernements sociaux-démocrates travaillent à réduire les inégalités salariales. Dans ce texte, nous mettons à l’épreuve ces affirmations et étudions l’inégalité salariale au Québec et en Ontario, ainsi que la mobilité des personnes entre les divers niveaux de salaire. Les données indiquent que la croissance du commerce international, une des composantes de la mondialisation, n’a pas augmenté l’inégalité salariale dans ces deux provinces, pas plus qu’elle n’a détérioré les conditions du marché du travail pour les employés des industries les plus exposées au commerce international. Par ailleurs, aucun effet politique particulier n’apparaît à l’analyse.
Abstract
There is theory that suggests that globalization has a number of adverse effects on labour markets, one of which is to increase the level of earnings inequality. At the same time, it is frequently argued that actual inequality outcomes are substantially determined by the policy choices of governments. Social democratic governments are normally thought to act to reduce earnings inequality. In this paper we explore these claims by examining trends in earnings inequality in Quebec and Ontario, and the movement of people within the earnings distribution. The evidence examined suggests that increased trade, as one component of globalization, did not increase earnings inequality in these two provinces and did not lead to negative labour market outcomes for those employed in industries more exposed to trade. There is no strong evidence for distinctive political effects either.
Appendices
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