Abstracts
Résumé
L’article présente la théorie de Fredrickson sur les émotions positives dite « expansion et construction » (broaden and build) ainsi que des résultats qui la soutiennent. Dans le contexte de cette théorie, nous discutons des bienfaits de l’expansion et de la construction des émotions positives sur la santé physique et psychologique : une résilience aguerrie, des stratégies efficaces face au stress ainsi que la récupération physiologique à la suite d’expériences négatives. Enfin, nous présentons un bref aperçu des approches passées et actuelles pour l’étude des émotions positives et nous proposons de nouvelles techniques pour la mesure de ces émotions en utilisant les nouvelles technologies mobiles.
Mots-clés :
- théorie « expansion et construction » (broaden and build),
- émotions positives,
- santé mentale,
- santé physique,
- bien-être,
- résilience
Abstract
In this paper, we review Fredrickson’s Broaden and Build theory of positive emotions and the empirical work supporting this theory. Within this context we discuss the beneficial psychological and physical health outcomes associated with the broadening and building effects of positive emotions, such as greater resilience and coping in the face of stress as well as physiological recovery after negative experiences. Lastly, this paper will outline past and current approaches to studying positive emotions, and will propose new methods of measuring positive emotion by using modern, mobile technology.
Keywords:
- broaden and build,
- positive emotions,
- mental health,
- physical health,
- well-being,
- resilience
Appendices
Bibliographie
- Barak, Y. (2006). The immune system and happiness. Autoimmunity Reviews, 5, 523-527.
- Barrett, L. F. (2004). Feelings or words? Understanding the content in self-report rating of experienced emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2), 266-281.
- Block, J. et Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349-361.
- Boehm, J. K. et Kubzansky, L. D. (2012). The heart’s content: The association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health. Psychological Bulletin, 138(4), 655-691.
- Burns, A. B., Brown, J. S., Sachs-Ericsson, N., Ashby Plant, E., Thomas Curtis, J., Fredrickson, B. L. et Joiner, T. E. (2008). Upward spirals of positive emotion and coping: Replication, extension, and initial exploration of neurochemical substrates. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(2), 360-370.
- Chida, Y. et Steptoe, A. (2009). The association of anger and hostility with future coronary heart disease: A meta-analytic review of prospective evidence. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 53, 936-946.
- Christensen, T. C., Barrett, L. F., Bliss-Moreau, E., Lebo, K. et Kaschub, C. (2003). A practical guide to experience-sampling procedures. Journal of Happiness Studies, 4, 53-78.
- Cohn, M. A, Fredrickson, B. L., Brown, S. L., Mikels, J. A et Conway, A. M. (2009). Happiness unpacked: positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience. Emotion, 9(3), 361-368.
- Conway, A. M., Tugade, M. M., Catalino, L. et Fredrickson, B. L. (2012). The Broaden-and-Build theory of positive emotions: Form, function and mechanisms. Dans S. David, I.Boniwell et A. Conley Ayers (dir.), Oxford handbook of happiness (p. 17-34). New York, NY : Oxford University Press.
- Derks, D., Fischer, A. H. et Bos, a. E. R. (2008). The role of emotion in computer-mediated communication: A review. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3), 766-785.
- Diener, E. et Chan, M. Y. (2011). Happy people live longer: Subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3, 1-43.
- Folkman, S. et Moskowitz, J. T. (2000). Stress, positive emotion, and coping. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(4), 115-118.
- Folkman, S., Moskowitz, J. T., Ozer, E. M. et Park, C. L. (1997). Positive meaningful events and coping in the context of HIV/AIDS. Dans B. H. Gottlieb (dir.), Coping with chronic stress (p. 293-314). New York, NY : Plenum Press.
- Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology : Journal of Division 1, of the American Psychological Association, 2(3), 300-319.
- Fredrickson, B. L. (2000). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being. Prevention and Treatment, 3(1). Repéré à http://www.wisebrain.org/papers/CultPosEmot.pdf.
- Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226.
- Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity. New York, NY : Crown.
- Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). Positive emotions broaden and build. Dans P. Devine et A. Plant (dir.), Advances in experimental social psychology (vol. 47, p. 1-54). San Diego, CA : Academic Press.
- Fredrickson, B. L., Grewen, K., Algoe, S., Firestine, A., Arevallo, J., Ma, J. et Cole, S. (2015). Psychological well-being and the human conserved transcriptional response to adversity. Plus One. doi:10:1371/journal.pone.01211839.
- Fredrickson, B. L. et Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13, 172-175.
- Garland, E. L., Fredrickson, B., Kring, A. M., Johnson, D. P., Meyer, P. S. et Penn, D. L. (2010). Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: Insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 849-864.
- Gloria, C. T. et Steinhardt, M. A. (2016). Relationships among positive emotions, coping, resilience and mental health. Stress and Health, 32(2), 145-156.
- Havens, J. C. (2014). Hacking h(app)iness. New York, NY : Pensuin.
- Herbert, T. B. et Cohen, S. (1993). Depression and immunity: A recta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 472-486.
- Isen, A. M., Daubman, K. A. et Nowicki, G. P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(6), 1122-1131.
- Jonas, B. S. et Mussolino, M. E. (2000). Symptoms of depression as a prospective risk factor for stroke. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 463-471.
- Kleppa, E., Sanne, B. et Tell, G. S. (2008). Working overtime is associated with anxiety and depression: The Hordaland Health Study. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 50(6), 658-666.
- Kok, B. E., Catalino, L. I. et Fredrickson, B. L. (2008). The broadening, building, buffering effects of positive emotions. Dans S. J. Lopez (dir.), Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people (vol. 2, p. 1-19). Santa Barbara, CA : Praeger.
- Kok, B. E., Coffey, K., Cohn, M., Catalino, I., Wacharksensek, T., Algoe, S., Branley, M. et Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). How positive emotions build physical health : perceived positive social connections account for the upward spiral between positive emotions and vagal tone. Psychological Science, 24, 1123-1132.
- Kubzansky, L. D., Kawachi, I., Weiss, S. T. et Sparrow, D. (1998). Anxiety and coronary heart disease: A synthesis of epidemiological, psychological, and experimental evidence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 20, 47-58.
- Kubzansky, L. D. et Thurston, R. C. (2007). Emotional vitality and incident coronary heart disease: Benefits of healthy psychological functioning. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 1393-1401.
- Lambiase, M. J., Kubzansky, L. D. et Thurston, R. C. (2014). Prospective study of anxiety and incident stroke. Stroke, 45, 438-443.
- Lambiase, M. J., Kubzansky, L. D. et Thurston, R. C. (2015). Positive psychological health and stroke risk: The benefits of emotional vitality. Health Psychology, 34(10), 1043-1046.
- Lazarus, R. S. et Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
- Lyubomirsky, S., Boehm, J. K., Kasri, F. et Zehm, K. (2011). The cognitive and hedonic costs of dwelling on achievement-related negative experiences: Implications for enduring happiness and unhappiness. Emotion, 11, 1152-1167.
- Matusnaga, M., Isowa, T., Kimura, K., Miyakoshi, M., Kanayama, N., Murakami, H., … Ohira, H. (2009). Associations among positive mood, brain, and cardiovascular activities in an affectively positive situation. Brain Research, 1263, 93-103.
- Matusnaga, M., Isowa, T., Kimura, K., Miyakoshi, M., Kanayama, N., Murakami, H., … Ohira, H. (2008). Associations among central nervous, endocrine, and immune activities when positive emotions are elicited by looking at a favorite person. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22, 408-417.
- McNair, D. M., Lorr, M. et Droppleman, L. F. (1971). Profile of mood states (POMS). San Diego, CA: Educational and Industrial Testing Services.
- Parrish, B. P., Cohen, L. H. et Laurenceau, J.-P. (2011). Prospective relationship between negative affective reactivity to daily stress and depressive symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(3), 270-296.
- Pressman, S. D. et Cohen, S. (2005). Does positive affect influence health? Psychological Bulletin, 131, 925-971.
- Rowe, G., Hirsh, J. B. et Anderson, a K. (2007). Positive affect increases the breadth of attentional selection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104(1), 383-388.
- Ryff, C. D., Love, G. D., Urry, H. L., Muller, D., Rosenkranz, M. A., Friedman, E. M., ... Singer, B. (2006). Psychological well-being and ill-being: Do they have distinct or mirrored biological correlates? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75, 85-95.
- Schiffrin, H. H. et Falkenstern, M. (2012). The impact of affect on resource development: Support for the broaden-and-build model. North American Journal of Psychology, 14(3), 569-584.
- Schmeichel, B. J. et Vohs, K. (2009). Self-affirmation and self-control: affirming core values counteracts ego depletion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(4), 770-782.
- Shmueli, D. et Prochaska, J. J. (2012). A test of positive affect induction for countering self-control depletion in cigarette smokers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors, 26(1), 157-61.
- Schwartz, J. E., Neale, J., Marco, C., Shiffman, S. S. et Stone, A. A. (1999). Does trait coping exist? A momentary assessment approach to the evaluation of traits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(2), 360-369.
- Segerstrom, S.C., Taylor, S. E., Kemeny, M. E. et Fahey, J. L. (1998). Optimism is associated with mood, coping and immune change in response to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1646-1655.
- Shiota, M. Campos, B., Oveis, C., Herenstein, M., Simon-Thomas, E. et Keltner, D. (sous presse). Beyond happiness : toward a science of discrete positive emotions. American Psychologist.
- Silvia, J. (2001). Interest and interests: The psychology of constructive capriciousness. Review of General Psychology, 5(3), 270-290.
- Smith, A. et Baum, A. (2003). The influence of psychological factors on restorative function in health and illness. Dans J. Suls et K. Wallston (dir.), Social psychological foundations of health and illness (p. 431-457). Maldin, MA : Wiley.
- Steinhardt, M. A., Smith Jaggars, S. E., Faulk, K. E. et Gloria, C. T. (2011). Chronic work stress and depressive symptoms: Assessing the mediating role of teacher burnout. Stress and Health, 27(5), 420-429.
- Steptoe, A., Dockray, S. et Wardle, J. (2009). Positive affect and psycho- biological processes relevant to health. Journal of Personality, 77, 1747-1776.
- Steptoe, A. et Wardle, J. (2005). Positive affect and biological function. Neurobiology of Aging, 26(suppl. 1), 108-112.
- Stevenson, A. et Lindberg, C. (dir.) (2005). Emotion. The New Oxford American Dictionary. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Stone, A. A., Cox, D. S., Valdimarsdottir, H., Jandorf, L. et Neale, J. M. (1987). Evidence that secretory IgA antibody is associated with daily mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 988-993.
- Suls, J. et Bunde, J. (2005). Anger, anxiety, and depression as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: The problems and implications of overlap- ping affective dispositions. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 260-300.
- Szabo, A., Ward, C. et Jose, P. E. (2016). Uprooting stress, coping, and anxiety: A longitudinal study of international students. International Journal of Stress Management, 23(2), 190-208.
- Thege, B. K., Tarnoki, A. D., Tarnoki, D. L., Garami, Z., Berczi, V., Horvath, I. et Veress, G. (2015). Is flourishing good for the heart? Relationship between positive psychology characteristics and cardiorespiratory health. Anales de psicologia, 31(1), 55-65.
- Tice, D. M., Baumeister, R. F., Shmueli, D. et Muraven, M. (2007). Restoring the self: Positive affect helps improve self-regulation following ego depletion. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43(3), 379-384.
- Tikhonoff, V., Zhang, H., Richard, T. et Staessen, J. A. (2009). Blood pressure as a prognostic factor after acute stroke. The Lancet Neurology, 8(10), 938-948.
- Tugade, M. M. (2011). Positive emotions, coping, and resilience. Dans S. Folkman (dir.), Handbook of stress, health, and coping (p. 186-199). New York, NY : Oxford University Press.
- Tugade, M. M. et Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(2), 320-333.
- Tugade, M., Fredrickson, B. L. et Barrett, L. F. (2004). Psychological resilience and positive emotional granularity: Examining the benefits of positive emotions on coping and health. Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1161-1190.
- Tugade, M. L., Shiota, M. et Kirby, L. (dir.) (2014). Handbook of positive emotions. New York, NY : Guilford.
- Tyler, J. M. et Burns, K. C. (2008). After depletion: The replenishment of the self’s regulatory resources. Self and Identity, 7(3), 305-321
- Vanlessen, N., Rossi, V., De Raedt, R. et Pourtois, G. (2014). Feeling happy enhances early spatial encoding of peripheral information automatically: electrophysiological time-course and neural sources. Cognitive, Affective et Behavioral Neuroscience, 14(3), 951-969.
- Vivier, E., Nunes, J. A., Vely, F., (2004). Natural killer cell signaling pathways. Science, 306, 1517-1519.
- Wadlinger, H. A. et Isaacowitz, D. M. (2006). Positive mood broadens visual attention to positive stimuli. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 87-99.
- Watson, D., Clark, L. A. et Tellegen, A. (1988). Positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063-1070.
- Walther, J. B. et D’Addario, K. P. (2001). The impacts of emoticons on message interpretation in computer-mediated communication. Social Science Computer Review, 19, 324-347.
- Waugh, C. E. et Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). Nice to know you: Positive emotions, self-other overlap, and complex understanding in the formation of a new relationship. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(2), 93-106.
- Xie, W. et Zhang, W. (2015). The influence of emotion on face processing. Cognition & Emotion, 30, 1-13.