Abstracts
Résumé
Cette étude vise l’approfondissement du lien entre l’estime de soi explicite et implicite, l’estime corporelle et les attitudes alimentaires en comparant 58 femmes atteintes de troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) à 54 femmes ayant un trouble anxieux et 96 femmes provenant d’un groupe contrôle. Les résultats montrent que le groupe TCA rapporte davantage d’attitudes alimentaires dysfonctionnelles et d’insatisfaction corporelle. Il présente l’estime de soi explicite et implicite les plus faibles. Chez les TCA, bien que l’estime de soi explicite s’avère le meilleur prédicteur des construits à l’étude, l’estime de soi implicite ajoute une contribution indépendante signifiant l’importance de s’y attarder.
Mots-clés :
- anorexie,
- boulimie,
- estime de soi explicite,
- estime de soi implicite,
- attitudes alimentaires,
- estime corporelle,
- femmes adultes
Abstract
The aim of this study is to deepen our understanding of the relationship between explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem, body esteem and eating attitudes. It compares 58 adult women suffering from eating disorders (ED) to 54 women presenting an anxiety disorder and 96 women from a control group on these variables. The ED group presents more dysfunctional eating attitudes and body dissatisfaction as well as lower explicit and implicit self-esteem than the other groups. Among ED, although explicit self-esteem is the best predictor of eating attitudes and body esteem, implicit self-esteem contributes significantly in the explanation of many subscales. These results indicate the importance of further studies on the subject.
Keywords:
- anorexia,
- bulimia,
- explicit self-esteem,
- implicit self-esteem,
- eating attitudes,
- body esteem,
- adult women
Appendices
Bibliographie
- American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5e éd.). Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Baccus, J. R., Baldwin, M. W., & Packer, D. J. (2004). Increasing implicit self-esteem through classical conditioning. Psychological Science, 15(7), 498–502.
- Bos, A. E. R., Huijding, J., Muris, P., Vogel, L. R. R., & Biesheuvel, J. (2010). Global, contingent and implicit self-esteem and psychopathological symptoms in adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(3), 311-316.
- Bosson, J. K., Brown, R. P., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Swann Jr, W. B. (2003). Self-enhancement tendencies among people with high explicit self-esteem : The moderating role of implicit self-esteem. Self and Identity, 2(3), 169-187.
- Buhlmann, U., Teachman, B. A., Gerbershagen, A., Kikul, J., & Rief, W. (2008). Implicit and explicit self-esteem and attractiveness beliefs among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32(2), 213-225.
- Buhrmester, M. D., Blanton, H., & Swann Jr, W. B. (2011). Implicit self-esteem : nature, measurement, and a new way forward. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(2), 365-385.
- Button, E. J., Davies, J., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (1997). Self-esteem, eating problems, and well-being in a cohort of schoolgirls aged 15-16 : A questionnaire and interview study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21(1), 39-47.
- Campbell, W. K., & Foster, J. D. (2007). The narcissistic self : Background, an extended agency model, and ongoing controversies. In C. Sedikides & S. J. Spencer (Éds), The self (p. 115-138). New York, NY : Psychology Press.
- Cervera, S., Lahortiga, F., Martínez-González, M. A., Gual, P., de Irala-Estévez, J., & Alonso, Y. (2003). Neuroticism and low self-esteem as risk factors for incident eating disorders in a prospective cohort study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33(3), 271-280.
- Cockerham, E., Stopa, L., Bell, L., & Gregg, A. (2009). Implicit self-esteem in bulimia nervosa. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 40(2), 265-273.
- Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. (1987). The eating disorder examination : A semi-structured interview for the assessment of the specific psychopathology of eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(1), 1-8.
- De Houwer, J. (2003). The extrinsic affective simon task. Experimental Psychology, 50(2), 77-85.
- De Raedt, R., Schacht, R., Franck, E., & De Houwer, J. (2006). Self-esteem and depression revisited : implicit positive self-esteem in depressed patients? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(7), 1017-1028.
- Epstein, S. (1994). Integration of the cognitive and the psychodynamic unconscious. American Psychologist, 49(8), 709-724.
- Fabian, L. J., & Thompson, J. K. (1989). Body image and eating disturbance in young females. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 8(1), 63-74.
- Fairburn, C. G., & Beglin, S. J. (1994). Assessment of eating disorders : Interview or self‐report questionnaire? International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16(4), 363-370.
- Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., Doll, H. A., & Welch, S. L. (1999). Risk factors for anorexia nervosa : three integrated case-control comparisons. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(5), 468-476.
- Fairburn, C. G., Peveler, R. C, Jones, R, Hope, R. A., & Doll, H. A. (1993). Predictors of 12-month outcome in bulimia nervosa and the influence of attitudes to shape and weight. Journal of Counsulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(4), 696-698.
- Franck, E., De Raedt, R. D., & De Houwer, J. (2007). Implicit but not explicit self-esteem predicts future depressive symptomatology. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(10), 2448-2455.
- Gemar, M. C., Segal, Z. V, Sagrati, S., & Kennedy, S. J. (2001). Mood-induced changes on the Implicit Association Test in recovered depressed patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110(2), 282-289.
- Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition : attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 102(1), 4-27.
- Greenwald, A. G., & Farnham, S. D. (2000). Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 1022-1038.
- Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition : the implicit association test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1464-1480.
- Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test : I. An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 197-216.
- Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test : III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), 17-41.
- Henriques, G. R., & Calhoun, L. G. (1999). Gender and ethnic differences in the relationship between body esteem and self-esteem. The Journal of Psychology, 133(4), 357-368.
- Jacobi, C., Paul, T., de Zwaan, M., Nutzinger, D. O., & Dahme, B. (2004). Specificity of self-concept disturbances in eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(2), 204-210.
- Krizan, Z. (2008). What is implicit about implicit self-esteem? Journal of Research in Personality, 42(6), 1635-1640.
- Luce, K. H., & Crowther, J. H. (1999). The reliability of the eating disorder examination-Self-report questionnaire version (EDE-Q). International Journal of Eating Disorders, 25(3), 349-351.
- Mendelson, B. K., McLaren, L., Gauvin, L., & Steiger, H. (2002). The relationship of self-esteem and body esteem in women with and without eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31(3), 318-323.
- Mendelson, B. K., Mendelson, M. J., & White, D. R. (2001). Body esteem scale for adolescents and adults. Journal of Personality Assessment, 76(1), 90-106.
- Provencher, V., Bégin, C., Gagnon-Girouard, M.-P., Tremblay, A., Boivin, S., & Lemieux, S. (2008). Personality traits in overweight and obese women : Associations with BMI and eating behaviors. Eating Behaviors, 9(3), 294-302.
- Risch, A. K., Buba, A., Birk, U., Morina, N., Steffens, M. C., & Stangier, U. (2010). Implicit self-esteem in recurrently depressed patients. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(3), 199-206.
- Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press.
- Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., & Schoenbach, C. (1989). Self-esteem and adolescent problems : Modeling reciprocal effects. American Sociological Review, 54(6), 1004-1018.
- Shea, M. E., & Pritchard, M. E. (2007). Is self-esteem the primary predictor of disordered eating? Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1527-1537.
- Sheehan, D. V, Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., et al. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I) : The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(S20), 22-33.
- Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Keskiner, A., et al. (1997). The validity of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability. European Psychiatry, 12(5), 232-241.
- Silverstone, P. H. (1992). Is chronic low self-esteem the cause of eating disorders? Medical Hypotheses, 39(4), 311-315.
- Smith, E. R., & DeCoster, J. (2000). Dual process models in social and cognitive psychology : conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems. Personal and Social Psychology Review, 4(2), 108-131.
- Sullivan, P. F. (2002). Course and outcome of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In C. G. Fairburn & K. D. Brownell (Éds), Eating disorders and obesity : A comprehensive handbook (p. 226-230). New York, NY : Guilford Press.
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA : Allyn & Bacon.
- Valiente, C., Cantero, D., Vázquez, C., Sanchez, Á., Provencio, M., & Espinosa, R. (2011). Implicit and explicit self-esteem discrepancies in paranoia and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(3), 691-699.
- Vallières, E. F., & Vallerand, R. J. (1990). Traduction et validation canadienne-française de l’Échelle de l’Estime de Soi de Rosenberg. International Journal of Psychology, 25(2), 305-316.
- Valls, M., Rousseau, A., & Chabrol, H. (2011). Étude de validation de la version française du Body Esteem Scale (BES) dans la population masculine. Journal de thérapie comportementale et cognitive, 21(2), 58-64.
- Vanderlinden, J., Kamphuis, J. H., Slagmolen, C., Wigboldus, D., Pieters, G., & Probst, M. (2009). Be kind to your eating disorder patients : The impact of positive and negative feedback on the explicit and implicit self-esteem of female patients with eating disorders. Eating and Weight Disorders, 14(4), e237-e242.
- Vitousek, K. M. (1996). The current status of cognitive-behavioural models of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. In P. M. Salkovskis (Éd.), Frontiers of cognitive therapy (p. 383-418). New York, NY : Guilford Press.
- Vitousek, K. B., & Hollon, S. D. (1990). The investigation of schematic content and processing in eating disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(2), 191-214.
- Wilson, T. D., Lindsey, S., & Schooler, T. Y. (2000). A model of dual attitudes. Psychological Review, 107(1), 101-126.