Abstracts
Abstract
Jazz has a strong groove-based tradition that uses a stable meter and exhibits a significant degree of metric dissonance. Recently, the prevalence of metric multivalence stemming from conflicting acoustic signals has risen exponentially. This phenomenon, historically manifested between an improvisor’s solo and the piece’s repeating formal structure, has also become an aesthetic feature of the composition itself. In this essay, I highlight contemporary jazz pieces that afford listeners multiple metric interpretations and often lead to considerably different approaches to structure and groove. I propose an ecologically valid analysis that more closely aligns with the way practitioners approach the repertoire, and I demonstrate how these techniques build upon the Afro-diasporic and improvisational tradition of jazz. I contextualize these developments with an ethnographic study where I interviewed fifteen professional jazz musicians, uncovering consistent thought processes, musical training, and performance practices that appear foundational to develop an enculturated understanding of contemporary jazz.
Keywords:
- entrainment,
- jazz,
- meter,
- metric dissonance,
- rhythm
Résumé
Le jazz relève d’une forte tradition basée sur le groove qui utilise une métrique stable et présente un degré important de dissonance métrique. Récemment, la prévalence de la multivalence métrique, résultant de signaux acoustiques contradictoires, a connu une croissance exponentielle. Ce phénomène, historiquement observé entre le solo d’un improvisateur et la structure formelle répétitive de la pièce, est également devenu une caractéristique esthétique de la composition elle-même. Dans cet essai, je mets en lumière des pièces de jazz contemporaines qui offrent aux auditeurs de multiples interprétations métriques et conduisent souvent à des approches considérablement différentes de la structure et du groove. Je propose une analyse écologiquement valide, plus proche de la manière dont les praticiens abordent le répertoire, et je démontre comment ces techniques s’appuient sur la tradition afro-diasporique et improvisée du jazz. Je contextualise ces développements par une étude ethnographique au cours de laquelle j’ai interviewé quinze musiciens de jazz professionnels, révélant des processus de pensée, une formation musicale et des pratiques d’interprétation cohérents qui semblent fondamentaux pour développer une compréhension inculturée du jazz contemporain.
Mots-clés :
- dissonance métrique,
- entraînement,
- jazz,
- mesure,
- rythme
Appendices
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