Abstracts
Résumé
Cette étude vise à expliquer l’adoption de cinq types d’usages de l’IA par les personnes enseignantes du postsecondaire : prédiction de la réussite, rétroaction, détection du plagiat, création de matériel et évaluation. Des personnes enseignantes du postsecondaire (n = 127) se sont prononcées sur les facteurs d’attitude, de performance perçue, de facilité d’utilisation et d’anxiété, de même que sur des facteurs de littératie de l’IA (technique, pédagogique et éthique). Des modèles d’équations structurelles ont été estimés pour expliquer l’intention d’utilisation. Il ressort des principaux résultats que des connaissances techniques sur l’IA sont associées à des attentes de performance plus faibles.
Mots-clés :
- Intelligence artificielle,
- enseignement supérieur,
- personne enseignante,
- adoption
Abstract
This study aims to explore the adoption of five AI use cases among postsecondary teachers: success prediction, feedback, plagiarism detection, course material creation, and assessment. Teachers (n = 127) scored their opinions on factors of attitude, performance expectancy, perceived ease of use and anxiety, along with AI literacy factors (technical knowledge, pedagogical use, and ethics). Structural equations models were estimated to analyze the intention to use. Results show that a higher level of technical knowledge is associated with lower performance expectations.
Keywords:
- Artificial intelligence,
- higher education,
- teacher,
- adoption
Appendices
Références
- Abrassart, C., Bengio, Y., Chicoisne, G., de Marcellis-Warin, N., Dilhac, M.-A., Gambs, S., Gautrais, V., Gibert, M., Langlois, L., Laviolette, F., Lehoux, P., Maclure, J., Martel, M., Pineau, J., Railton, P., Régis, C., Tappolet, C. et Voarino, N. (2018). La Déclaration de Montréal pour un développement responsable de l’intelligence artificielle. http://declarationmontreal-iaresponsable.com/la-declaration
- Aiken, R. M. et Epstein, R. G. (2000). Ethical guidelines for AI in education: Starting a conversation. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 11(2), 163‑176. https://researchgate.net/publication/228600407
- Ayanwale, M. A. et Sanusi, I. T. (2023). Perceptions of STEM vs. non-STEM teachers toward teaching artificial intelligence. Dans B. Ojwang et M. Ahuna (dir.), Proceedings of 2023 IEEE AFRICON (p. 933‑937). IEEE. https://doi.org/pjhc
- Berendt, B., Littlejohn, A. et Blakemore, M. (2020). AI in education: Learner choice and fundamental rights. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 312‑324. https://doi.org/gg338r
- Cartier, M. (2001). Les inforoutes et l’éducation, mythes et réalités. Dans M. Kaszap, D. Jeffrey et G. Lemire (dir.), Exploration d’Internet, recherches en éducation et rôles des professionnels de l’enseignement (p. 9-59). Presses de l’Université Laval.
- Celik, I., Dindar, M., Muukkonen, H. et Järvelä, S. (2022). The promises and challenges of artificial intelligence for teachers: A systematic review of research. TechTrends, 66(4), 616‑630. https://doi.org/gq6348
- Centre de transfert pour la réussite éducative du Québec. (2018). L’utilisation des données au service de l’apprentissage. https://ctreq.qc.ca/...
- Chatterjee, S. et Bhattacharjee, K. K. (2020). Adoption of artificial intelligence in higher education: a quantitative analysis using structural equation modelling. Education and Information Technologies, 25(5), 3443-3463. https://doi.org/gk56hq
- Chen, X., Xie, H., Zou, D. et Hwang, G.-J. (2020). Application and theory gaps during the rise of artificial intelligence in education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 1, article 100002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2020.100002
- Choi, S., Jang, Y. et Kim, H. (2022). Influence of pedagogical beliefs and perceived trust on teachers’ acceptance of educational artificial intelligence tools. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 39(4), 910-922. https://doi.org/grx9f4
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2e éd.). Routledge Academic.
- Cojean, S. et Martin, N. (2022). Acceptability of technology involving artificial intelligence among future teachers. Dans J. Culbertson, A. Perfors, H. Rabagliati et V. Ramenzoni (dir.), Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (p. 2292-2296). https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vp429tp
- Collin, S. et Marceau, E. (2023). Enjeux éthiques et critiques de l’intelligence artificielle en enseignement supérieur. Éthique publique, 24(2). https://doi.org/10.4000/ethiquepublique.7619
- Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319‑340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
- Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P. et Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 9821003. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982
- Du, Y. et Gao, H. (2022). Determinants affecting teachers’ adoption of AI-based applications in EFL context: An analysis of analytic hierarchy process. Education and Information Technologies, 27, 9357-9384. https://doi.org/pnkp
- Dwivedi, Y. K., Rana, N. P., Tamilmani, K. et Raman, R. (2020). A meta-analysis based modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (meta-UTAUT): A review of emerging literature. Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 13-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.008
- Fishbein, M. et Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Addison‑Wesley.
- Gras, B. (2019). Éthique des Learning Analytics. Distances et médiations des savoirs, (26). https://doi.org/10.4000/dms.3768
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M. et Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‑SEM) (2e éd.). SAGE.
- Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P. et Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‑SEM) using R. Springer. https://doi.org/gqwgdj
- Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M. et Gudergan, S. P. (2018). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. SAGE.
- Hakimi, L., Eynon, R. et Murphy, V. A. (2021). The ethics of using digital trace data in education: A thematic review of the research landscape. Review of Educational Research, 91(5), 671‑717. https://doi.org/gmd589
- Hanif, A., Jamal, F. Q. et Imran, M. (2018). Extending the Technology Acceptance Model for use of e‑learning systems by digital learners. IEEE Access, 6, 73395‑73404. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2881384
- Jones, K. M. L., Asher, A., Goben, A., Perry, M. R., Salo, D., Briney, K. A. et Robertshaw, M. B. (2020). “We’re being tracked at all times”: Student perspectives of their privacy in relation to learning analytics in higher education. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 71(9), 1044‑1059. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24358
- Karumbaiah, S. et Brooks, J. (2019). How colonial continuities underlie algorithmic injustices in education. Dans C. Gardner-McCune, S. Grady, Y. Jimenez, J. Ryoo, R. Santo et J. Payton (dir.), Proceedings 2021 of Conference on Research in Equitable and Sustained Participation in Engineering, Computing, and Technology (RESPECT) (p. 215‑220). https://doi.org/gtkvs4
- Koehler, M. J. et Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60‑70. http://learntechlib.org/primary/p/29544
- Lachance, L. et Raîche, G. (2014). Analyses de variance univariée et multivariée. Dans M. Corbière et N. Larivière (dir.), Méthodes qualitatives, quantitatives et mixtes dans la recherche en sciences humaines, sociales et de la santé (2e éd., p. 353‑396). Presses de l’Université du Québec. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1c29qz7
- Lameras, P. et Arnab, S. (2021). Power to the teachers: An exploratory review on artificial intelligence in education. Information, 13(1), article 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13010014
- Lepage, A. (2023). Étude de l’adoption des principaux types d’usages de l’intelligence artificielle par les enseignants et enseignantes du postsecondaire [thèse de doctorat, Université de Montréal, Canada]. Papyrus. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/40548
- Madaio, M., Blodgett, S. L., Mayfield, E. et Dixon-Román, E. (2022). Beyond “fairness” – Structural (in)justice lenses on AI for education. Dans W. Holmes et K. Porayska-Pomsta (dir.), The ethics of artificial intelligence in education (p. 203-239). Routledge. https://doi.org/pnkq
- Miao, F., Holmes, W., Ronghuai, H. et Hui, Z. (2021). IA et éducation : guide pour les décideurs politiques. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/...
- Miao, F. et Holmes, W. (2024). Orientations pour l’intelligence artificielle générative dans l’éducation et la recherche. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54675/HBCX3851
- Nichols, M. et Holmes, W. (2018). Don’t do evil: Implementing artificial intelligence in universities. Dans J. M. Duart et A. Szűcs (dir.), Proceedings of the 10th EDEN Research Workshop (p. 110‑118). https://eden-europe.eu/...
- Nikou, S., De Reuver, M. et Mahboob Kanafi, M. (2022). Workplace literacy skills – How information and digital literacy affect adoption of digital technology. Journal of Documentation, 78(7), 371‑391. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-12-2021-0241
- Priya Gupta, K. et Bhaskar, P. (2020). Inhibiting and motivating factors influencing teachers’ adoption of ai-based teaching and learning solutions: Prioritization using analytic hierarchy process. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 19, 693-723. https://doi.org/10.28945/4640
- Qin, F., Li, K. et Yan, J. (2020). Understanding user trust in artificial intelligence‐based educational systems: Evidence from China. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(5), 1693‑1710. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12994
- Rogers, E. M. (1983). Diffusion of innovations (3e éd.). Free Press, Collier Macmillan.
- Romero, M. (2019). Analyser les apprentissages à partir des traces : des opportunités aux enjeux éthiques. Distances et médiations des savoirs, (26). https://doi.org/10.4000/dms.3754
- Sadikin, A., Habibi, A., Sanjaya, E., Setiawan, D. C., Susanti, T. et Saudagar, F. (2021). Factors influencing pre-service teachers’ satisfaction and intention to use the Internet: A structural equation modeling. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(2), 110‑122. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i02.13503
- Sakarji, S. R., Mohd Nor, K., Razali, M., Talib, N., Ahmad, N. et Wan Mohamad Saferdin, W. A. A. (2019). Investigating students acceptance of elearning using Technology Acceptance Model among diploma in office management and technology students at UITM Melaka. Journal of Information System and Technology Management, 4(13), 13‑26. https://doi.org/10.35631/JISTM.413002
- Saltman, K. J. (2020). Artificial intelligence and the technological turn of public education privatization: In defence of democratic education. London Review of Education, 18(2), 196‑208. https://doi.org/10.14324/LRE.18.2.04
- Self, J. (2016). The birth of IJAIED. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(1), 4‑12. https://doi.org/pjh4
- Tabachnick, B. et Fiddell, L. (2007). Experimental design using ANOVA. Duxbury.
- Taulli, T. (2019). Artificial intelligence basics: A non-technical introduction. Apress. https://doi.org/k7p4
- UNESCO. (2019). Consensus de Beijing sur l’intelligence artificielle et l’éducation. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/...
- Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B. et Davis, F. D. (2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425‑478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
- Ventayen, R. J. M. (2023). OpenAI ChatGPT-generated results: Similarity index of artificial intelligence-based contents. Dans G. Ranganathan, Y. EL Allioui et S. Piramuthu (dir.), Soft computing for security applications – Proceedings of ICSCS 2023 (Advances in intelligent systems and computing, vol. 1449, p. 215‑226). Springer. https://doi.org/pjh8
- Welch, B. L. (1947). The generalization of Student’s problem when several different population variances are involved. Biometrika, 34(1‑2), 28‑35. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/34.1-2.28
- Wenger, E. (1986). Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: Computational approaches to the communication of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann.
- Yu, T.-K., Lin, M.-L. et Liao, Y.-K. (2017). Understanding factors influencing information communication technology adoption behavior: The moderators of information literacy and digital skills. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 196‑208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.005
- Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M. et Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education – Where are the educators? International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1), article 39. https://doi.org/ggctqb

