Abstracts
Summary
Labour and skill shortages are widely reported across most countries. With changing demographics, increasing digitalization and the transition to a green economy, to name but a few factors, concern is mounting about the supply of labour and skills for future demands. As a result, actors in the labour market, such as unions, employers and employer associations, government and civil society organizations are concerned about looming shortages of labour and skills. Several strategies to address such shortages have been identified, but a more detailed engagement is required to fully understand the complex interplay between each strategy and the environment in which it is pursued. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Ireland with a range of actors who were specifically identified as having expertise and experience in strategies for labour and skill shortages. They reported a range of strategies that involved upskilling, higher pay, better working conditions, flexible work arrangements, use of migrant labour, development of untapped labour pools and provisioning of social goods. Decisions on these strategies had two key determinants: resource availability and the external environment. All actors mentioned a need for social dialogue to engage, explore and consider the wide range of options for dealing with labour and skill shortages.
Keywords:
- Labour and skill shortages,
- social dialogue,
- unions,
- employers,
- wages,
- working conditions,
- upskilling
Résumé
Les pénuries de main-d’oeuvre et de compétences sont largement signalées dans la plupart des pays. L’évolution démographique, l’accélération de la numérisation et la transition vers une économie verte, pour ne nommer que ces facteurs, ont tous mis en évidence des inquiétudes quant à la capacité d’offre de main-d’oeuvre et de compétences pour répondre aux besoins futurs du marché du travail. En conséquence les acteurs du marché du travail tels que les syndicats, les employeurs et associations patronales, les gouvernements ainsi que les organisations de la société civile, s’inquiètent de la manière de faire face à ces pénuries.
Un éventail de stratégies pour répondre aux pénuries de main-d’oeuvre et de compétences a été identifié, mais une analyse plus approfondie de ces stratégies s’avère nécessaire afin de comprendre pleinement l’interaction complexe entre ces choix stratégiques et l’environnement dans lequel ils sont élaborés. Cet article s’appuie sur des entretiens semi-dirigés menés auprès d’une variété d’acteurs spécifiquement reconnus pour leur expertise et leur expérience en matière de stratégies visant à pallier les pénuries de main-d’oeuvre et de compétences.
Nos résultats montrent que les acteurs évoquent un ensemble de stratégies comprenant le rehaussement des compétences (upskilling), les salaires, les conditions d’emploi, les modalités de travail flexibles, le recours à la main-d’oeuvre migrante, l’activation de bassins de main-d’oeuvre sous-utilisés ainsi que l’amélioration des biens collectifs pour anticiper les futures pénuries de main-d’oeuvre et de compétences en Irlande.
Un facteur déterminant des décisions stratégiques entourant ces mesures concernait la disponibilité des ressources et l’environnement externe. Un constat clé, relevé de manière uniforme par l’ensemble des acteurs, est la nécessité du dialogue social pour répondre aux pénuries de main-d’oeuvre et de compétences. C’est uniquement par le dialogue social que chacun des acteurs peut s’engager, explorer et envisager la vaste gamme de stratégies disponibles pour faire face à ces pénuries.
Appendices
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