Abstracts
Résumé
Si certains travaux sur le renouveau syndical reconnaissent l’importance de s’intéresser au fait représentatif et plus particulièrement à la relation représentant-représenté, les effets du leadership des représentants syndicaux sur leurs membres demeurent très peu étudiés. Pour pallier ce déficit analytique, cette étude analyse l’effet direct du leadership transformationnel du représentant syndical sur l’engagement syndical ainsi que l’effet modérateur de la justice distributive et procédurale du syndicat local sur cette relation.
Des analyses de régressions linéaires multiples, menées auprès d’un échantillon de 834 travailleurs syndiqués d’une entreprise québécoise, soutiennent l’existence d’un lien positif entre le leadership transformationnel du représentant syndical et l’engagement envers le syndicat, et ce, après avoir contrôlé certaines caractéristiques des répondants dont l’âge, le sexe, l’ancienneté et le niveau de scolarité. En outre, nos résultats démontrent que la justice syndicale de type procédural modère cette relation. En ce sens, un syndicat local reconnu comme offrant des procédures justes et équitables viendrait rehausser les efforts de leadership de ses représentants.
Sur le plan théorique, cette étude supporte la théorie des échanges sociaux ainsi que le modèle d’engagement au groupe, en démontrant notamment que la justice et le leadership transformationnel jouent sur des mécanismes affectifs similaires. Sur le plan pratique, les résultats soulignent l’importance, pour les syndicats locaux, de se pencher sur les pratiques et sur les modes de fonctionnement au niveau local qui sont susceptibles de favoriser la perception de justice procédurale. Ces constats ouvrent ainsi de nouvelles avenues de recherche relatives aux efforts de revitalisation des syndicats locaux et, plus spécifiquement, aux effets du leadership syndical et à la dynamique sous-jacente à la relation représentant-représenté.
Mots-clés :
- leadership,
- engagement syndical,
- justice procédurale,
- justice distributive,
- théorie des échanges sociaux,
- modèle d’engagement au groupe
Abstract
While some studies of union renewal recognize the importance of understanding the act of representation, and more particularly, the relationship existing between those being represented and those doing the representing, the effect of the leadership of these union representatives has seldom been studied. This knowledge gap is addressed in two ways. First, we investigate the direct effect of the transformational leadership displayed by union representatives on union commitment. Second, we assess the moderating effect of distributive and procedural union justice on this relationship.
Our questionnaire-based study involves a sample of 834 unionized workers from a company in Quebec. Multivariate linear regressions suggest the existence of a positive relationship between transformational leadership on the part of the union representative and union commitment, after controlling for age, gender, seniority and educational level. Moreover, the results show the moderating effect of procedural justice at the local union level on this relationship. More specifically, a local union recognized as offering fair and equitable procedures appears to enhance the leadership efforts of its representatives.
From a theoretical perspective, this study supports social exchange theory and the group engagement model by showing that justice and transformational leadership involve the same emotional mechanisms. From a practical point of view, the results highlight the importance for local unions of paying specific attention to local practices that enhance the perception of procedural justice. These findings open up new avenues of research on revitalization efforts at the local level and the dynamics underlying the representative-represented relationship.
Keywords:
- leadership,
- union commitment,
- procedural justice,
- distributive justice,
- social exchange theory,
- group engagement model
Resumen
Si ciertos trabajos sobre la renovación sindical reconocen la importancia de interesarse al rol representativo y más especialmente a la relación representante-representado, los efectos del liderazgo de los representantes sindicales sobre sus miembros siguen siendo muy poco estudiados. Para cubrir este déficit analítico, este estudio analiza el efecto directo del liderazgo transformativo del representante sindical sobre la implicación sindical así que el efecto moderador de la justicia distributiva y procedural del sindicato local sobre esta relación.
Los análisis de regresión linear múltiple, llevadas a cabo con los datos provenientes de una muestra de 834 trabajadores sindicalizados de una empresa quebequense, sostienen la existencia de un vínculo positivo entre el liderazgo transformativo del representante sindical y la implicación con el sindicato, y esto, después de haber controlado ciertas características de los participantes tales como la edad, el sexo, la antigüedad y el nivel de escolaridad. Entre otros, nuestros resultados demuestran que la justicia sindical de tipo procedural modera esta relación. En ese sentido, un sindicato local reconocido por ofrecer procedimientos justos y equitativos vería realzados sus esfuerzos de liderazgo de sus representantes.
A nivel teórico, este estudio apoya la teoría de intercambios sociales así como el modelo de adhesión al grupo, demostrando especialmente que la justicia y el liderazgo transformativo juegan sobre los mecanismos afectivos similares. A nivel práctico, los resultados remarcan la importancia, para los sindicatos locales, de interesarse a las prácticas y los modos de funcionamiento a nivel local que son susceptibles de favorecer la percepción de justicia procedural. Estas constataciones abren nuevas pistas de investigación respecto a los esfuerzos de revitalización de los sindicatos locales y, más específicamente, a los efectos del liderazgo sindical y a la dinámica subyacente a la relación representante-representados.
Palabras clave:
- liderazgo,
- implicación sindical,
- justicia procedural,
- justicia distributiva,
- teoría de intercambios sociales,
- modelo de adhesión al grupo
Appendices
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