Abstracts
Abstract
Background: More accessible nursing programs for a broader segment of society, including students with disabilities, will enhance diversity of thought in program curricula and representation among nurse graduates. Key to realizing these benefits is the ways in which nurse educators can best promote accessible and inclusive learning environments for nursing students with disabilities.
Purpose: We completed a scoping review of published research reports, non-research publications, and dissertations related to accommodation and baccalaureate nursing students with disabilities. The review explored what is known from existing literature about the processes, experiences, and outcomes associated with classroom and clinical accommodation for nursing students with disabilities from the perspectives of learners and educators.
Method: Online databases were used to identify literature that was written in English, published from 1990 to 2024, and focused on accommodation for nursing students with any visible or invisible disability within a nursing program leading to registered nurse status. Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework guided the selection of 84 publications, charting of the data, and summarizing results.
Results: Accommodation processes are linked to disclosure, require collaboration, need to account for context, and must comply with legislation. The experience of accommodation for nursing students ranges from worrisome to supportive, while faculty experiences are similarly varied: feelings range from skepticism and internal struggle to acceptance and willingness. No standardized process and no universally accepted target outcome exist for the accommodation process. Tensions and uncertainties about how to best support nursing students with disabilities are ongoing.
Conclusions: Intersectoral collaborative scholarly work is needed to advance practices for managing the complexities associated with the accommodation process in nursing education. Evidence is needed to ensure the process promotes equitable and inclusive experiences for nursing students with disabilities and supports nurse educators in managing their primary role through ample resources and professional development opportunities.
Keywords:
- accommodation,
- disability,
- nursing students
Résumé
Contexte : Rendre les programmes de sciences infirmières plus accessibles à un segment plus large de la société, y compris aux étudiantes et étudiants en situation de handicap, renforcera la diversité des perspectives dans les programmes d’études et la représentativité parmi les diplômées et diplômés en sciences infirmières. Pour réaliser ces avantages, il est essentiel que les infirmières et infirmiers enseignants puissent promouvoir des environnements d’apprentissage accessibles et inclusifs pour les étudiantes et étudiants en situation de handicap.
Objectif : Nous avons réalisé une revue de la portée comportant des rapports de recherche publiés, des publications non fondées sur la recherche et des thèses liés aux mesures d’accommodement et aux étudiantes et étudiants au baccalauréat en sciences infirmières en situation de handicap. Cette revue a examiné ce que la littérature existante révèle au sujet des processus, des expériences et des résultats associés aux mesures d’accommodement en classe et en milieu clinique pour les étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières en situation de handicap, selon les perspectives des apprenantes et apprenants ainsi que des personnes enseignantes.
Méthode : Des bases de données en ligne ont été utilisées pour repérer la littérature rédigée en anglais, publiée entre 1990 et 2024, et portant sur les mesures d’accommodement pour les étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières ayant un handicap visible ou invisible au sein d’un programme menant au statut d’infirmière ou infirmier autorisé. Le cadre méthodologique d’Arksey et O’Malley (2005) a guidé la sélection de 84 publications, la consignation des données et la synthèse des résultats.
Résultats : Les processus d’accommodement sont liés à la divulgation, nécessitent une collaboration, doivent tenir compte du contexte et doivent respecter la législation. L’expérience des accommodements pour les étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières varie d’inquiétante à soutenante, tandis que les expériences du corps professoral sont tout aussi diversifiées : les sentiments vont du scepticisme et des luttes internes à l’acceptation et à la volonté d’appuyer. Il n’existe aucun processus normalisé ni aucun résultat cible universellement accepté pour le processus d’accommodement. Des tensions et des incertitudes persistent quant à la meilleure façon de soutenir les étudiantes et étudiants en situation de handicap en sciences infirmières.
Conclusions : Des travaux de recherche intersectoriels et collaboratifs sont nécessaires pour faire progresser les pratiques de gestion des complexités associées au processus d’accommodement dans la formation infirmière. Des données probantes sont requises afin d’assurer que ce processus favorise des expériences équitables et inclusives pour les étudiantes et étudiants en situation de handicap et qu’elles soutiennent les infirmières et infirmiers enseignants dans l’exercice de leur rôle principal grâce à des ressources suffisantes et à des possibilités de développement professionnel.
Appendices
Bibliography
- Accessible Canada Act, S. C. 2019, c. 10. (2019). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/a-0.6/
- Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, 2005, S. O. 2005, c. 11. (2005). https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/05a11
- Ailey, S. H., & Marks, B. (2020). Technical standards for nursing education programs in the 21st century. Rehabilitation Nursing, 45(6), 311–320. https://doi.org/10.1097/rnj.0000000000000297
- Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101. (1990). https://www.ada.gov/law-and-regs/ada/
- Andre, K., & Manson, S. (2004). Students with disabilities undertaking clinical education experience. Collegian, 11(4), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1322-7696(08)60471-0
- Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
- Arndt, M. E. (2004). Educating nursing students with disabilities: One nurse educator’s journey from questions to clarity. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(5), 204–206. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20040501-09
- Aryuwat, P., Holmgren, J., Asp, M., Radabutr, M., & Lövenmark, A. (2024). Experiences of nursing students regarding challenges and support for resilience during clinical education: A qualitative study. Nursing Reports, 14(3), 1604–1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep14030120
- Ashcroft, T. J., Chernomas, W. M., Davis, P. L., Dean, R. A. K., Seguire, M., Shapiro, C. R., & Swiderski, L. M. (2008). Nursing students with disabilities: One faculty’s journey. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 5(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.2202/1548-923X.1424
- Ashcroft, T. J., & Lutfiyya, Z. M. (2013). Nursing educators’ perspectives of students with disabilities: A grounded theory study. Nurse Education Today, 33(11), 1316–1321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.02.018
- Azzopardi, T., Johnson, A., Phillips, K., Dickson, C., Hengstberger-Sims, C., Goldsmith, M., & Allan, T. (2014). Simulation as a learning strategy: Supporting undergraduate nursing students with disabilities. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 23(3–4), 402–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12049
- Baker, C., Ellis, J., & Peddle, M. (2022). Experiences of undergraduate nursing students with a learning access plan. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 17(1), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2021.09.002
- Blanchet Garneau, A., Browne, A. J., & Varcoe, C. (2018). Drawing on antiracist approaches toward a critical antidiscriminatory pedagogy for nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 25(1), e12211. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12211
- Boamah, S. A., Callen, M., & Cruz, E. (2021). Nursing faculty shortage in Canada: A scoping review of contributing factors. Nursing Outlook, 69(4), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2021.01.018
- Bohne, J. M. (2004). Valuing differences among nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(5), 202–203. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20040501-06
- Bolton, M. C. (1994). The impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act upon nursing education in Alabama: The perceptions of administrators of associate degree nursing education programs and baccalaureate degree nursing education programs in Alabama [Doctoral dissertation, University of Alabama]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
- Bonini, S. M., & Matias, C. E. (2021). The impact of whiteness on the education of nurses. Journal of Professional Nursing, 37(3), 620–625. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.02.009
- Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing. (2023). CASN strategic plan 2023–2028. https://www.casn.ca/about-casn/casn-strategic-plan-2023-2028/
- Carroll, S. M. (2004). Inclusion of people with physical disabilities in nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(5), 207–212. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20040501-07
- Chicca, J., & Shellenbarger, T. (2020). Fostering inclusive clinical learning environments using a psychological safety lens. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 15(4), 226–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2020.03.002
- Colon, E. J. (1997). Identification, accommodation, and success of students with learning disabilities in nursing education programs. Journal of Nursing Education, 36(8), 372–377. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19971001-06
- Cornine, A. (2020). Reducing nursing student anxiety in the clinical setting: An integrative review. Nursing Education Perspectives, 41(4), 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nep.0000000000000633
- Cotts, K. G. (2025). Disability-inclusive accommodations in nursing education: Addressing health equity needs. JAMA Network Open, 8(2), e2461044. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.61044
- Covidence systematic review software, Veritas Health Innovation. (2024). Melbourne, Australia. Available at www.covidence.org
- Crawford, C., Black, P., Melby, V., & Fitzpatrick, B. (2022). The academic journey of students with specific learning difficulties undertaking pre-registration nursing programmes in the UK: A retrospective cohort study. Nurse Education Today, 111, 105318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105318
- Dugger, J. (2024). Predictive and associated factors of burnout in nursing faculty: An integrative review. Nurse Educator, 49(3), E142–E146. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000001533
- Elcock, K. (2014). Supporting students with disabilities: Good progress, but must try harder. British Journal of Nursing, 23(13), 758. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2014.23.13.758
- Epstein, I., Khanlou, N, Ermel, R. E., Sherk, M., Simmonds, K. K., Balaquiao, L., & Chang, K.-Y. (2021). Students who identify with a disability and instructors’ experiences in nursing practice: A scoping review. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19, 91–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00129-7
- Epstein, I., Rose, J. R., Juergensen, L., Mykitiuk, R., MacEntee, K., & Stephens, L. (2022). Thinking rhizomatically and becoming successful with disabled students in the accommodations assemblage: Using storytelling as method. Nursing Inquiry, 29(3), e12475. https://doi.org/10.1111/nin.12475
- Epstein, I., Stephens, L., Severino, S. M., Khanlou, N., Mack, T., Barker, D., & Dadashi, N. (2020). “Ask me what I need”: A call for shifting responsibility upwards and creating inclusive learning environments in clinical placement. Nurse Education Today, 92, 104505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104505
- Evans, B. C. (2005). Nursing education for students with disabilities: Our students, our teachers. Annual Review of Nursing Education, 3, 3–22.
- Evans, W. (2014). “If they can’t tell the difference between duphalac and digoxin you’ve got patient safety issues.” Nurse lecturers’ constructions of students’ dyslexic identities in nurse education. Nurse Education Today, 34(6), e41–e46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.11.004
- Evans, W. (2015). Disclosing a dyslexic identity. British Journal of Nursing, 24(7), 383–385. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2015.24.7.383
- Ferguson, B., & Capper, T. (2024). Balancing nursing and midwifery student equity and public safety: An Australian case study. Collegian, 31(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2023.11.006
- Fontenot, J., & McMurray, P. (2020). Decolonizing entry to practice: Reconceptualizing methods to facilitate diversity in nursing programs. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 15(4), 272–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2020.07.002
- Griffiths, L., Worth, P., Scullard, Z., & Gilbert, D. (2010). Supporting disabled students in practice: A tripartite approach. Nurse Education in Practice, 10(3), 132–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2009.05.001
- Harris, C. (2018). Reasonable adjustments for everyone: Exploring a paradigm change for nurse educators. Nurse Education in Practice, 33, 178–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.08.009
- Horkey, E. (2019a). An exploration of the clinical accommodation process for nursing students with physical disabilities using grounded theory. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2018-0010
- Horkey, E. (2019b). Reasonable academic accommodation implementation in clinical nursing education: A scoping review. Nursing Education Perspectives, 40(4), 205–209. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000469
- Howlin, F., Halligan, P., & O’Toole, S. (2014a). Development and implementation of a clinical needs assessment to support nursing and midwifery students with a disability in clinical practice: Part 1. Nurse Education in Practice, 14(5), 557–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2014.07.003
- Howlin, F., Halligan, P., & O’Toole, S. (2014b). Evaluation of a clinical needs assessment and exploration of the associated supports for students with a disability in clinical practice: Part 2. Nurse Education in Practice, 14(5), 565–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2014.06.009
- Ijiri, L., & Kudzma, E. C. (2000). Supporting nursing students with learning disabilities: A metacognitive approach. Journal of Professional Nursing, 16(3), 149–157. https://doi.org/10.1053/PN.2000.5917
- Jamal-Eddine, S., Savage, T., & Gill, C. (2024). Assets, not burdens: Disabled students in nursing education. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 154, 104775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104775
- Jefferies, K., Tamlyn, D., Aston, M., & Tomblin Murphy, G. (2019). Promoting visible minority diversity in Canadian nursing. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 51(1), 3–5. https://doi.org/10.1177/0844562118795812
- King, L. (2018). Link lecturers’ views on supporting student nurses who have a learning difficulty in clinical placement. British Journal of Nursing, 27(3), 141–145. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2018.27.3.141
- King, L. (2019). Exploring student nurses’ and their link lecturers’ experiences of reasonable adjustments in clinical placement. British Journal of Nursing, 28(17), 1130–1134. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.17.1130
- King, L. (2024). Practice tutors’ readiness to support nursing students who require reasonable adjustments for clinical placement. British Journal of Nursing, 33(4), 200–204. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2024.33.4.200
- Kinsella, E. A., Smith, K., Bhanji, S., Shepley, R., Modor, A., & Bertrim, A. (2020). Mindfulness in allied health and social care professional education: A scoping review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 42(2), 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2018.1496150
- Kolanko, K. M. (2003). A collective case study of nursing students with learning disabilities. Nursing Education Perspectives, 24(5), 251–256.
- Labrague, L. J., McEnroe-Petitte, D. M., Papathanasiou, I. V., Edet, O. B., Tsaras, K., Leocadio, M. C., Colet, P., Kleisiaris, C. F., Fradelos, E. C., Rosales, R. A., Santos-Lucas, K. V., & Velacaria, P. I. T. (2018). Stress and coping strategies among nursing students: An international study. Journal of Mental Health, 27(5), 402–408. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2017.1417552
- L’Ecuyer, K. M. (2019a). Clinical education of nursing students with learning difficulties: An integrative review (Part 1). Nurse Education in Practice, 34, 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.11.015
- L’Ecuyer, K. M. (2019b). Perceptions of nurse preceptors of students and new graduates with learning difficulties and their willingness to precept them in clinical practice (Part 2). Nurse Education in Practice, 34, 210–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.12.004
- Levac, D., Colquhoun, H., & O’Brien, K. K. (2010). Scoping studies: Advancing the methodology. Implementation Science, 5, Article 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-5-69
- Levey, J. A. (2014). Attitudes of nursing faculty towards nursing students with disabilities: An integrative review. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 27(3), 321–332.
- Levey, J. A. (2018). Universal design for instruction in nursing education: An integrative review. Nursing Education Perspectives, 39(3), 156–161. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000249
- Liu, D., & Xu, B. (2017). Test anxiety: Perceptions of American community college nursing students. Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, 9, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40461-017-0048-1
- Lucas, L. S., Silbert-Flagg, J., & D’Aoust, R. F. (2022). Nursing students with disabilities: A guide to providing accommodations. Nursing Clinics of North America, 57(4), 671–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2022.06.012
- Luckowski, A. (2016). The lived experience in the clinical setting of nursing students with disabilities. Nursing Education Perspectives, 37(5), 256–261. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000063
- Magilvy, J. K., & Mitchell, A. C. (1995). Education of nursing students with special needs. Journal of Nursing Education, 34(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19950101-08
- Maheady, D. C. (1999). Jumping through hoops, walking on egg shells: The experiences of nursing students with disabilities. Journal of Nursing Education, 38(4), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19990401-06
- Marks, B., & McCulloh, K. (2016). Success for students and nurses with disabilities: A call to action for nurse educators. Nurse Educator, 41(1), 9–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000212
- May, K. A. (2014). Nursing faculty knowledge of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Nurse Educator, 39(5), 241–245. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000058
- Mazalová, L., Gurková, E., & Štureková, L. (2022). Nursing students’ perceived stress and clinical learning experience. Nurse Education in Practice, 64, 103457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2022.103457
- McCleary-Jones, V. (2005). The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and its impact on higher education and nursing education. The ABNFF Journal, 16(2), 24–27.
- McGowan, J., Sampson, M., Salzwedel, D. M., Cogo, E., Foerster, V., & Lefebvre, C. (2016). PRESS peer review of electronic search strategies: 2015 guideline statement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 75, 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021
- Meeks, L. M., & Jain, N. R. (Eds.). (2016). The guide to assisting students with disabilities: Equal access in health science and professional education. Springer Publishing Company.
- Meloy, F., & Gambescia, S. F. (2014). Guidelines for response to student requests for academic considerations: Support versus enabling. Nurse Educator, 39(3), 138–142. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000037
- Metzger, M., Dowling, T., Guinn, J., & Wilson, D. T. (2020). Inclusivity in baccalaureate nursing education: A scoping study. Journal of Professional Nursing, 36(1), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2019.06.002
- Mills, A., Ryden, J., & Knight, A. (2020). Juggling to find balance: Hearing the voices of undergraduate student nurses. British Journal of Nursing, 29(15), 897–903. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.15.897
- Mizerek, E. (2024). Promoting inclusivity in nursing education. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 19(1), e30–e33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2023.08.007
- Moodley, S., & Mchunu, G. (2018). Integration experiences of student and qualified nurses with disabilities who graduated from selected KwaZulu-Natal nursing education institutions: An exploratory case study. Curationis, 41(1), a1862. https://doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v41i1.1862
- Moodley, S., & Mchunu, G. (2019). Current access and recruitment practices in nursing education institutions in KwaZulu-Natal: A case study of student nurses with disabilities. African Journal of Disability, 8, a429. https://doi.org/10.4102/ajod.v8i0.429
- Moodley, S., & Mchunu, G. (2020). Organisational readiness of nursing education institutions to integrate students who have disabilities into nurse education institutions (NEIs) training programmes: A case study of Kwazulu-Natal NEIs. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 12, 100193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2020.100193
- Moodley, S., & Mchunu, G. (2022). Integrating students with disabilities into nursing education: A South African perspective of nurse educators’ experiences. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 16, 100414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100414
- Moriña, A., & Orozco, I. (2020). Facilitating the retention and success of students with disabilities in health sciences: Experiences and recommendations by nursing faculty members. Nurse Education in Practice, 49, 102902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102902
- Murakami, M., Kawasaki, H., Cui, Z., Kokusho, H., & Kakehashi, M. (2023). Distress of educators teaching nursing students with potential learning disabilities: A qualitative analysis. Healthcare, 11(4), 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040615
- Neal-Boylan, L., & Miller, M. (2017). Treat me like everyone else: The experience of nurses who had disabilities while in school. Nurse Educator, 42(4), 176–180. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000348
- Neal-Boylan, L., & Miller, M. (2020). How inclusive are we, really? Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 15(4), 237–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2020.04.006
- Neal-Boylan, L., Miller, M., & Lussier-Duynstee, P. (2021). Failing to fail when disability is a factor. Nurse Educator, 46(4), 230–233. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000965
- Neal-Boylan, L., & Smith, D. (2016). Nursing students with physical disabilities: Dispelling myths and correcting misconceptions. Nurse Educator, 41(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000191
- Newsham, K. R. (2008). Disability law and health care education. Journal of Allied Health, 37(2), 110–115. https://www.jstor.org/stable/48721572
- Ney, P. A. B. (2004). The impact of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 on collegiate nursing education programs [Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Widener University].
- Padilha, M. I., Caravaca‐Morera, J. A., Gentil, A. G. B., Dal Vesco, S. N. P., Bellaguarda, M. L. dos R., & Silva, A. (2022). Transgender people in the nursing discourse: An integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 78(9), 2731–2746. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15318
- Peebles, P., & Cruz, S. (2018). A primer on traumatic brain injury for nursing faculty. Journal of Professional Nursing, 34(6), 488–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2018.01.002
- Persaud, D., & Leedom, C. L. (2002). The Americans with Disabilities Act: Effect on student admission and retention practices in California nursing schools. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(8), 349–352. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-20020801-07
- Philion, R., St-Pierre, I., & Bourassa, M. (2021). Accommodating and supporting students with disability in the context of nursing clinical placements: A collaborative action research. Nurse Education in Practice, 54, 103127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103127
- Ramluggun, P., Jackson, D., & Usher, K. (2021). Supporting students with disabilities in preregistration nursing programmes. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 30(2), 353–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12793
- Rankin, E. R., Nayda, R., Cocks, S., & Smith, M. (2010). Students with disabilities and clinical placement: Understanding the perspective of healthcare organisations. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14(5), 533–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110902730176
- Reep-Jarmin, J. L. (2016). The meaning of nursing education as described by students with learning disabilities [Doctoral dissertation, University of North Dakota]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
- Rhodes, R. S., Davis, D. C., & Odom, B. C. (1999). Challenges and rewards of educating a profoundly deaf student. Nurse Educator, 24(3), 48–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006223-199905000-00017
- Ryan, J., & Struhs, J. (2004). University education for all? Barriers to full inclusion of students with disabilities in Australian universities. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 8(1), 73–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360311032000139421
- Sanderson-Mann, J., & McCandless, F. (2005). Guidelines to the United Kingdom Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) 1995 and the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (SENDA) 2001 with regard to nurse education and dyslexia. Nurse Education Today, 25(7), 542–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2005.05.006
- Sanderson-Mann, J., & McCandless, F. (2006). Understanding dyslexia and nurse education in the clinical setting. Nurse Education in Practice, 6(3), 127–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2005.10.004
- Selekman, J. (2002). Nursing students with learning disabilities. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(8), 334–339. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-20020801-05
- Shuler, S. N. (1990). Nursing students with learning disabilities: Guidelines for fostering success. Nursing Forum, 25(2), 15–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.1990.tb00844.x
- Smith-Stoner, M., Halquist, K., & Glaeser, B. C. (2011). Nursing education challenge: A student with cancer. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 6(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2010.07.006
- Sowers, J.-A., & Smith, M. R. (2004a). Evaluation of the effects of an inservice training program on nursing faculty members’ perceptions, knowledge, and concerns about students with disabilities. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(6), 248–252. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20040601-05
- Sowers, J.-A., & Smith, M. R. (2004b). Nursing faculty members’ perceptions, knowledge, and concerns about students with disabilities. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(5), 213–218. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20040501-03
- Storr, H., Wray, J., & Draper, P. (2011). Supporting disabled student nurses from registration to qualification: A review of the United Kingdom (UK) literature. Nurse Education Today, 31(8), e29–e33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2010.11.022
- Sugg, T. (2011). Nursing success in the face of dyslexia. Imprint, 58(2), 46–48.
- Sugg, T. (2014, April 25). Successes and challenges of a nursing student with dyslexia. Minority Nurse. https://minoritynurse.com/successes-and-challenges-of-a-nursing-student-with-dyslexia/
- Symes, J. (2014). Nursing students with disabilities in the clinical setting: Nursing education leaders’ perceptions of accommodations [Doctoral dissertation, University of South Dakota]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
- Tee, S., & Cowen, M. (2012). Supporting students with disabilities: Promoting understanding amongst mentors in practice. Nurse Education in Practice, 12(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2011.03.020
- Tee, S. R., Owens, K., Plowright, S., Ramnath, P., Rourke, S., James, C., & Bayliss, J. (2010). Being reasonable: Supporting disabled nursing students in practice. Nurse Education in Practice, 10(4), 216–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2009.11.006
- Trujillo Tanner, C., Clayton, M. F., Llanque, S., Utley, M., DiDonna, K., & Christenson, J. (2021). With all due respect: Paving the way for nursing students with disabilities. Journal of Professional Nursing, 37(6), A3–A5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.09.001
- United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, December 12, 2006. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-persons-disabilities
- Walker, S. Y. (2017). Accommodations part II: Navigating accommodations for disabilities in nursing education. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 12(4), 318–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2017.07.001
- Wankier, J., & Beynon, C. (2025). Enhancing clinical judgment in undergraduate clinical education. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 20(1), 32–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2024.08.019
- Watson, P. G. (1995). Nursing students with disabilities: A survey of baccalaureate nursing programs. Journal of Professional Nursing, 11(3), 147–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S8755-7223(95)80113-8
- Wood, M. D. (1999). Management factors influencing educational access for students with learning disabilities [Doctoral dissertation, Georgia Southern University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
- Wright, D. J., & Eathorne, V. (2003). Supporting students with disabilities. Nursing Standard, 18(11), 37–42.
- Yarbrough, A. E., & Welch, S. R. (2021). Uncovering the process of reasonable academic accommodations for prelicensure nursing students with learning disabilities. Nursing Education Perspectives, 42(1), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NEP.0000000000000666
- Yost, E. T. (2016). A study of the knowledge, skills, and dispositions of nurse educators related to learners with ADHD [Doctoral dissertation, Capella University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.

