Abstracts
Résumé
Dans les contextes sociaux à risque, quand la sensibilité maternelle fait plus ou moins défaut, le développement de l’enfant pourrait en être affecté. Des études portant sur des programmes d’intervention axés plus spécifiquement sur les interactions mère-enfant ont montré une amélioration de la sensibilité et des comportements maternels de même qu’une amélioration du développement des enfants concernées. Ces études expérimentales concluent à des liens de causalité entre les comportements maternels (CM) et le développement de l’enfant sans toutefois préciser le mécanisme causal qui joue dans ceux-ci. Une hypothèse voudrait qu’un programme d’intervention en faveur des CM rejaillisse sur le développement des enfants, donnant au CM un statut de médiateur entre l’exposition des enfants au programme et l’amélioration de leur développement. Seules cinq études ont précisément porté sur cette fonction de médiateur à titre d’hypothèse. Le présent article examine les études ad hoc, c’est-à-dire qui ont porté sur le lien causal éventuel entre un programme d’intervention centrée sur l’amélioration de CM et les améliorations apparaissant dans le développement de l’enfant. Nos résultats indiqueront que le lien de causalité, souvent présumé, n’est que partiellement vérifiable. À la lumière de ces résultats, des hypothèses alternatives à la fonction médiatrice des comportements maternels seront proposées et d’autres moyens qui pourraient améliorer le développement de l’enfant seront identifiés.
Mots-clés :
- programme d’intervention,
- développement de l’enfant,
- sensibilité maternelle,
- médiation
Abstract
Maternal interactive sensitivity plays a critical role in early child development. In high-risk contexts, maternal sensitivity has often been shown to be deficient in many ways, leading to the development of intervention strategies that specifically target it. Many of these strategies have been evaluated within different types of experimental designs. These studies are important because of their evident clinical relevance, but also because studies that involve interventions provide greater information on causal processes between sensitivity and development, than do correlational designs. Attachment-based intervention, targeting the quality of mother-infant interaction, has been shown to be effective in improving maternal sensitivity, as well as child cognitive, social and emotional outcome. The specific causal processes by which these strategies modify child development remain uncertain, however. The most likely hypothesis is that changes in maternal behavior are causally linked to changes in development. However, this hypothesis has been specifically tested in only five studies where mediation by maternal sensitivity of the relation between exposure to intervention and changes in development has been examined. This article addresses the proposed causal relation between maternal sensitivity and child development with an emphasis on studies that have applied an intervention strategy targeting the former. Results indicate that the often presumed causality is only partially supported, notably in experimental studies. In light of these findings, alternative processes that might account for intervention efficacy and changes in development are proposed
Keywords:
- Intervention,
- child development,
- maternal sensitivity,
- mediation
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Appendices
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