Abstracts
Résumé
La méiose est une étape-clé de la reproduction sexuée chez les organismes diploïdes. Au-delà de sa description cytologique, les mécanismes moléculaires qui entrent en jeu dans cette division spécialisée commencent à être décryptés chez les plantes grâce à la plante-modèle Arabidopsis thaliana. Si certains mutants méiotiques d’Arabidopsis confirment le rôle de fonctions centrales déjà décrites, par exemple, chez la levure ou chez la souris, d’autres ont permis d’identifier des gènes dont la fonction est inconnue à ce jour. De nombreuses plantes existent aussi à l’état de polyploïdes, ce qui pose un problème particulier du point de vue de la méiose.
Summary
Meiosis is a key step in diploid sexual reproduction. Apart from its cytological description, the molecular mechanisms involved in this specialized cell division are being deciphered in plants thanks to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. While some meiotic mutants of Arabidopsis confirm the central role of functions that have been described either in yeast or in mice, others led to the identification of previously unknown genes. Numerous plants also exist as polyploids, which represent a special case with regard to meiosis.
Appendices
Références
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