Abstracts
Abstract
The coronavirus caused a break boundary in public schooling. High school teachers in New Brunswick, Canada, were forced to confront a sudden shift in how they educated students — from classroom to computer screen. This qualitative interpretive case study investigated the reshaping of New Brunswick high school pedagogy prompted by an intensive turn toward digital technologies as a response to the pandemic. Data was thematically analyzed from the interviews of eight high school teachers who taught in a blended learning environment during the first full year of the pandemic. By listening to the voices and experiences of teachers, educational scholars and curriculum reformers can better understand how this unique educational event impacted teaching and learning and its implications for public schooling.
Keywords:
- technology and education,
- pedagogy,
- COVID-19,
- blended learning,
- media ecology
Résumé
Le coronavirus a entraîné une rupture dans le système scolaire public. Cette étude de cas qualitative et interprétative a examiné la refonte de la pédagogie dans les écoles secondaires du Nouveau-Brunswick provoquée par un virage soudain et marqué vers les technologies numériques en réponse à la pandémie. Les données issues des entrevues menées auprès de huit personnes enseignantes du secondaire ayant enseigné dans un environnement d’apprentissage mixte au cours de la première année complète de la pandémie ont fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique. En prêtant attention aux témoignages et aux expériences des personnes enseignantes, les spécialistes de l’éducation et les responsables de la réforme des programmes scolaires peuvent mieux comprendre l’impact et les répercussions de cet événement éducatif unique.
Mots-clés :
- technologie et éducation,
- pédagogie,
- COVID-19,
- apprentissage mixte,
- écologie des médias
Appendices
Bibliography
- Anglophone School District West. (2020, April 2). High school technology letter from the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. District News.
- Barrett-Fox, R. (2020, March 12). Please do a bad job of putting your courses online. Rebecca Barrett-Fox. https://anygoodthing.com/2020/03/12/please-do-a-bad-job-of-putting-your-courses-online/
- Barron, M., Cobo, C., Munoz-Najar, A., & Ciarrusta, I. S. (2021, February 18). The changing role of teachers and technologies amidst the COVID 19 pandemic: Key findings from a cross-country study. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/changing-role-teachers-and-technologies-amidst-covid-19-pandemic-key-findings-cross
- Boulding, K. E. (1956). The image: Knowledge in life and society. University of Michigan Press.
- Brown, L., & Young, B. (2020, July 31). N.B.'s back-to-school plan to cost tens of millions. CTV News. https://www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/article/nbs-back-to-school-plan-to-cost-tens-of-millions/
- Buck, J. (2018). The effect of professional development correlated to specific Danielson Domains on teacher effectiveness and student achievement (Publication No. 10936895) [Doctoral dissertation, University of St. Francis]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses.
- Cardy, R. E., Dupuis, A., Anagnostou, E., Ziolkowski, J., Biddiss, E. A., Monga, S., Brian, J., Penner, M., & Kushki, A. (2021). Characterizing changes in screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic school closures in Canada and its perceived impact on children with autism spectrum disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, Article 702774. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.702774
- CBC News. (2014, August 29). PowerSchool program will show student progress online. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/powerschool-program-will-show-student-progress-online-1.2751176
- CPAC. (2020, April 2). COVID-19: New Brunswick schools to remain closed for rest of school year. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCfFh-NcPU4
- Danielson, C. (2007). Enhancing professional practice: A framework for teaching (2nd ed.). Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
- Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2020, July 22). High school students to use their own electronic devices; program to assist low and middle-income families [Press release]. Government of New Brunswick. https://web.archive.org/web/20200722221909/https://www2.gnb.ca/ content/gnb/en/news/news_release.2020.07.0414.html
- Florida Gulf Coast University Information Technology Services. (2025, August 12). First things to know about chat in MS Teams. https://fgcu.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360042249412-First-Things-to-Know-About-Chat-in-MS-Teams
- Franklin Pierce University. (March 21, 2021). How to use Microsoft Teams: Chats, calls, meetings. https://libguides.franklinpierce.edu/microsoft-teams/meet
- Jeremy-Greene, L. (2023). Using Danielson's Framework for Teaching to compare student math achievement: A quantitative ex post facto study (Publication No. 30247942) [Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/openview/73f6a08a23dded997a8e99cdd4b17490/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
- Kelly, H. (2020, September 4). Kids used to love screen time. Then schools made Zoom mandatory all day long. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/09/04/screentime-school-distance/
- Lanier, J. (2001, April 1). Virtually there: Three-dimensional tele-immersion may eventually bring the world to your desk. Scientific American, 284(4), 66–75.
- Lei, S. L., & So, A. S. I. (2021). Online teaching and learning experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic — A comparison of teacher and student perceptions. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 33(3), 148–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2021.1907196
- Marek, M. W., Chew, C. S., & Wu, W.-C. V. (2021). Teacher experiences in converting classes to distance learning in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Distance Education Technologies, 19(1), 89–109. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJDET.20210101.oa3
- Marion-Howard, L., M. (2016). The effective educator: Reshape the quality of teachers' instructional practices with the implementation of Charlotte Danielson's Framework for Teaching [Doctoral Dissertation, National Louis University]. Digital Commons at NLU. https://digitalcommons.nl.edu/diss/176
- McGuire, M. (2023). Four laws of Microsoft Teams. Explorations in Media Ecology, 22(1), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1386/eme_00153_7
- McLuhan, M. (2003). Understanding media: The extensions of man (W. Terrence Gordon, Ed.). Gingko Press. (Original work published 1964)
- Meyrowitz, J. (1999). Understandings of media. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 56(1), 44–52. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42579860
- Microsoft Support. (n.d.). Reduce background noise in Teams meetings. https://web.archive.org/web/20220429201527/https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/reduce-background-noise-in-teams-meetings-1a9c6819-137d-4b3b-a1c8-4ab20b234c0d
- Osmond-Johnson, P., Campbell, C., & Pollock, K. (2020, May 6). Moving forward in the COVID-19 Era: Reflections for Canadian education. EdCan Network. https://www.edcan.ca/articles/moving-forward-in-the-covid-19-era/
- Plamondon, A., McArthur, B. A., Eirich, R., Racine, N., McDonald, S., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2023). Changes in children’s recreational screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Pediatrics, 177(6), 635–637. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.0393
- Poitras, J. (2020, April 2). Public schools likely to stay closed for remainder of school year, Cardy says. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/dominic-cardy-education-announcement-1.5518768
- Postman, N. (1970). The reformed English curriculum. In A. C. Eurich (Ed.), High school 1980: The shape of the future in American secondary education (pp. 160–168). Pitman Publishing.
- Reish, N. (2021, January 4). Increased screen time is negatively affecting students. Mountaineer. https://shsnews.org/31907/opinion/increased-screen-time-is-negatively-affecting-students/
- Rideout, V., Peebles, A., Mann, S., & Robb, M. B. (2022). The Common Sense census: Media use by tweens and teens, 2021. Common Sense. https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/8-18-census-integrated-report-final-web_0.pdf
- Rucchin, G. (2021, October 13). Study finds screen time increased for children during pandemic. Western Education. https://www.edu.uwo.ca/news-events/2021/pandemic-increases-screen-time.html
- Sparks, S. D. (2022, April 12). Students are behaving badly in class. Excessive screen time might be to blame. Education Week. https://www.edweek.org/leadership/students-are-behaving-badly-in-class-excessive-screen-time-might-be-to-blame/2022/04
- Tam, G., & El-Azar, D. (2020, March 13). 3 ways the coronavirus pandemic could reshape education. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/3-ways-coronavirus-is-reshaping-education-and-what-changes-might-be-here-to-stay/
- Tutton, M. (2020, March 16). Shift to online learning due to COVID-19 requires rethink of teaching: experts. Globel News. https://globalnews.ca/news/6685848/shift-to-online-learning-due-to-covid-19-requires-rethink-of-teaching-experts/
- Van Horne, R. (2020, July 22). N.B. high school students will need their own laptops next year, but province will help pay for them. CTV News. https://www.ctvnews.ca/atlantic/article/nb-high-school-students-will-need-their-own-laptops-next-year-but-province-will-help-pay-for-them/
- Walker, T. (2021, September 30). 'All that scrolling': How screen time impacts students. NEA Today. https://www.nea.org/advocating-for-change/new-from-nea/all-scrolling-how-screen-time-impacts-students