Abstracts
Abstract
Italian is a gender-marked binary language with masculine and feminine as the only possible grammatical genders. One strategy that was recently put forward to deconstruct the gender dichotomy and to allow for non-binary individuals to be linguistically acknowledged is to replace gendered endings (-a,-o,-e,-i) with a schwa (ə), both in writing and speech. While some authors and media outlets have started adopting this solution in written texts, questions may arise concerning its viability in the oral medium, particularly in constrained translation modes such as conference interpreting. If, on the one hand, the schwa could serve as a less time-consuming alternative to extended gender-neutral periphrases, on the other, such benefit may be outweighed by processing capacity overloads, since non-binary schwa declensions entail morphological changes that are non-standard in spoken Italian, and may thus prove too burdensome to control. In order to investigate this issue, an experimental study was conducted with 12 advanced trainee interpreters who were instructed to interpret consecutively a text from English into Italian using schwa endings when referring to humans. Although with a certain amount of non-fluencies, misuse of schwa endings and occasional relapse into binary language, participants were mostly able to implement effective non-binary language strategies.
Keywords:
- gender,
- non-binary language,
- schwa endings,
- consecutive interpreting,
- English into Italian
Résumé
L’italien étant une langue marquée en genre de façon binaire, les seuls genres grammaticaux possibles sont le masculin et le féminin. Une stratégie récemment mise en avant pour déconstruire cette dichotomie de genre et permettre aux personnes non binaires d’être linguistiquement visibles consiste à remplacer les terminaisons genrées (-a, -o, -e, -i) par un schwa (ə), à l’écrit comme à l’oral. Alors que cette solution commence à être employée dans des textes écrits, on pourrait s’interroger sur sa viabilité à l’oral, notamment dans des modalités de traduction sujettes à de nombreuses contraintes comme l’interprétation de conférence. Si, d’une part, le schwa peut représenter une alternative aux périphrases non genrées, plus étendues et chronophages, d’autre part, un tel avantage risque d’être contrebalancé par une charge cognitive accrue, puisque les déclinaisons non binaires en schwa impliquent des changements morphologiques non standard en italien parlé, et peuvent donc s’avérer trop onéreuses à gérer. Afin d’explorer cette question, une étude expérimentale a été menée avec 12 étudiant·es interprètes avancé·es qui ont reçu pour instruction d’interpréter consécutivement un texte de l’anglais vers l’italien en utilisant des terminaisons en schwa pour désigner les individus. Bien qu’avec un certain nombre de disfluences, de mauvais usages de terminaisons en schwa et de rechutes occasionnelles dans le langage binaire, l’échantillon analysé a été pour la plupart capable de mettre en oeuvre des stratégies linguistiques non binaires efficaces.
Mots-clés :
- genre,
- langage non binaire,
- terminaisons en schwa,
- interprétation consécutive,
- de l’anglais à l’italien
Resumen
Como el italiano es una lengua marcada en género de manera binaria, los únicos géneros gramaticales posibles son el masculino y el femenino. Una estrategia propuesta recientemente para deconstruir la dicotomía de género y permitir el reconocimiento lingüístico de las personas no binarias es sustituir las terminaciones de género (-a, -o, -e, -i) por un schwa (ə), tanto al escribir como al hablar. Aunque esta solución está empezando a utilizarse en textos escritos, cabe preguntarse por su viabilidad en el medio oral, sobre todo en modalidades de traducción constreñida como la interpretación de conferencias. Si, por un lado, el schwa podría constituir una alternativa a amplias perífrasis de género neutro que requieren más tiempo, por otro lado, tal ventaja podría verse contrarrestada por una sobrecarga cognitiva, ya que las desinencias no binarias en schwa implican cambios morfológicos no estándar en italiano hablado que podrían resultar demasiado gravosos. Para investigar esta cuestión, se llevó a cabo un estudio experimental con 12 estudiantes-intérpretes de nivel avanzado a quienes se les pidió que interpretaran consecutivamente un texto del inglés al italiano utilizando terminaciones en schwa para referirse a personas. Aunque con algunas disfluencias, usos incorrectos de terminaciones en schwa y recaídas ocasionales en el binarismo lingüístico, la muestra analizada pudo en gran parte poner en práctica estrategias eficaces de lenguaje no binario.
Palabras clave:
- género,
- lenguaje no binario,
- terminaciones en schwa,
- interpretación consecutiva,
- del inglés al italiano
Appendices
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