Abstracts
Abstract
The obligation to settle international disputes through peaceful means is one of the most fundamental principles of international relations. A variety of dispute resolution mechanisms are at the disposal of states to resolve international disputes. Mediation is undoubtedly one of the most effective dispute-resolution means. However, unlike arbitration and adjudication, there is a lack of consistency in mediation approaches and standards of practice. A careful analysis of international disputes resolved in contemporary history reveals that the facilitators who purport to be mediators do not always comply with fundamental principles of mediation, namely independence, impartiality, and neutrality.
This article calls for the institutionalization of international mediation through a permanent independent entity. It argues that institutionalizing mediation is the only way to achieve a reasonable degree of standardization of mediation practices and approaches. The proposed institutionalization will inevitably make mediation more accessible to disputing parties, resulting in a greater number of conflicts being settled through mediation. Institutionalization will also promote research and academic literature in international mediation, bringing about further professionalization of the field.
The first part of this article draws a distinction between judicial dispute resolution mechanisms and diplomatic dispute resolution mechanisms, including mediation, which continues to evolve in an organic and unsystematic manner. The second part explores well-known international conflicts that have been successfully or unsuccessfully mediated by prominent individuals, namely the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Heads of state, religious leaders, and other dignitaries. The third and last part of the article makes a case that the UN, states, international organizations, religious leaders, and other prominent individuals are rarely, if ever, suitable mediators because they are not independent, impartial, or neutral for a variety of reasons. The logical conclusion to which the analysis leads is that it is high time to institutionalize international mediation by establishing a permanent independent entity entrusted with mediating international disputes.
Keywords:
- Conflict Management,
- Dispute Resolution,
- Institutionalization,
- International Mediation,
- International Organizations
Résumé
L’obligation de régler les différends internationaux par des moyens pacifiques est l’un des principes les plus fondamentaux des relations internationales. Divers mécanismes de règlement des différends sont à la disposition des États pour résoudre les différends internationaux. La médiation est sans aucun doute l’un des moyens de résolution des litiges les plus efficaces. Cependant, contrairement à l’arbitrage et au règlement judiciaire, les approches et les normes de pratique en matière de médiation manquent d’uniformité. Une analyse minutieuse des différends internationaux résolus dans l’histoire contemporaine révèle que les facilitateurs qui prétendent être des médiateurs ne respectent pas toujours les principes fondamentaux de la médiation, à savoir l’indépendance, l’impartialité et la neutralité.
Cet article appelle à l’institutionnalisation de la médiation internationale à travers une entité permanente indépendante. Il soutient que l’institutionnalisation de la médiation est le seul moyen d’atteindre un degré raisonnable de standardisation des pratiques et approches de médiation. L’institutionnalisation proposée rendra inévitablement la médiation plus accessible aux parties en conflit, ce qui entraînera le règlement d’un plus grand nombre de conflits par la médiation. L’institutionnalisation favorisera également la recherche et la littérature universitaire sur la médiation internationale, entraînant une professionnalisation accrue du domaine.
La première partie de cet article établit une distinction entre les mécanismes judiciaires de règlement des différends et les mécanismes diplomatiques de règlement des différends, y compris la médiation, qui continue d’évoluer de manière organique et non systématique. La deuxième partie explore des conflits internationaux bien connus qui ont fait l’objet d’une médiation réussie ou non par des personnalités éminentes, à savoir le Secrétaire général des Nations Unies, des chefs d’État, des chefs religieux et d’autres dignitaires. La troisième et dernière partie de l’article démontre que l’ONU, les États, les organisations internationales, les chefs religieux et d’autres personnalités éminentes sont rarement, voire jamais, des médiateurs appropriés car ils ne sont pas indépendants, impartiaux ou neutres pour diverses raisons. . La conclusion logique à laquelle conduit l’analyse est qu’il est grand temps d’institutionnaliser la médiation internationale en créant une entité indépendante permanente chargée de médier les différends internationaux.
Mots-clés :
- Gestion des conflits,
- Résolution des différends,
- Institutionnalisation,
- Médiation internationale,
- Organisations internationales
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Appendices
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