Abstracts
Abstract
This systematic literature review investigates the effectiveness of interactive media and specific learning strategies, such as project-based learning (PBL) and augmented reality (AR), in improving digital literacy among secondary school students. Analyzing 19 peer-reviewed studies from 2018 to 2024, the review identifies both effective approaches and key barriers. It highlights that while digital tools can enhance students' abilities in content creation, information evaluation, and ethical technology use, their impact depends on well-designed curriculum integration, teacher preparedness, and institutional support. The findings emphasize ongoing challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, insufficient teacher training, and curriculum misalignment, particularly in public schools. In response, the review proposes actionable recommendations to address these barriers, including incorporating culturally responsive media and comprehensive teacher development programs. This study aims to inform policy reforms and provide evidence-based strategies for integrating digital literacy into secondary education, with an emphasis on contextual, interdisciplinary approaches that align with current digital citizenship demands.
Keywords:
- Interactive Based Media,
- Learning Strategies,
- Digital Literacy
Appendices
Bibliography
- Abdullah, I. A., Abdullah, P. A., Mustaffa, A. Bin, Satriawan, D., Basrowi, B., Utami, P., & Zuhriyah, N. A. (2024). Digital learning literacy and business education from an Islamic perspective at a high school in Malaysia. Guyub: Journal of Community Engagement, 5(3), 615–633. https://doi.org/10.33650/guyub.v5i3.9179
- Achieng, C., Ogola, M., & Muchanje, P. (2024). Development of digital literacy skills among learners in public primary schools in homabay county, Kenya. East African Journal of Education Studies, 7(1), 293–303. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajes.7.1.1774
- Afriliandhi, C., Hidayati, D., Istiqomah, I., & Melawati, A. (2022). Teacher’s digital literacy to improve quality in learning. International Journal of Education and Curriculum Application, 5(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.31764/ijeca.v5i1.7327
- Aguilera, D., & Ortiz-Revilla, J. (2021). STEM vs. STEAM education and student creativity: A systematic literature review. Education Sciences, 11(7), 331. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070331
- Ahied, M., Muharrami, L. K., Fikriyah, A., & Rosidi, I. (2020). Improving students scientific literacy through distance learning with augmented reality-based multimedia amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 9(4), 499–511. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v9i4.26123
- Alsowat, H. H. (2022). Hybrid learning or virtual learning? effects on students’ essay writing and digital literacy. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(4), 872–883. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1304.20
- Angraini, E., Zubaidah, S., & Susanto, H. (2023). TPACK-based active learning to promote digital and scientific literacy in genetics. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 13(02). https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.13.02.07
- Asrizal, A., Amran, A., Ananda, A., Festiyed, F., & Sumarmin, R. (2018). The development of integrated science instructional materials to improve students’ digital literacy in scientific approach. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(4). https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i4.13613
- Audrin, C., & Audrin, B. (2022). Key factors in digital literacy in learning and education: A systematic literature review using text mining. Education and Information Technologies, 27(6), 7395–7419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10832-5
- Aydin, M. (2021). Does the digital divide matter?: Factors and conditions that promote ICT literacy. Telematics and Informatics, 58, 101536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101536
- Aydinlar, A., Mavi, A., Kutukcu, E., Kirimli, E. E., Alis, D., Akin, A., & Altintas, L. (2023). Awareness and level of digital literacy among students receiving health-based education. BMC Medical Education, 38(24). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3249226/v1
- Bergdahl, N., Nouri, J., & Fors, U. (2020). Disengagement, engagement and digital skills in technology-enhanced learning. Education and Information Technologies, 25(2), 957–983. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09998-w
- Bhangu, S., Provost, F., & Caduff, C. (2023). Introduction to qualitative research methods. Perspectives in Clinical Research, 14(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.4103/picr.picr_253_22
- Caverly, D. C., Payne, E. M., Castillo, A. M., Sarker, A., Threadgill, E., & West, D. (2019). Identifying digital literacies to build academic literacies. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 49(3), 170–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2019.1638218
- Chang, C.-Y., Kuo, H.-C., & Du, Z. (2023). The role of digital literacy in augmented, virtual, and mixed reality in popular science education: a review study and an educational framework development. Virtual Reality, 27(3), 2461–2479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-023-00817-9
- Chiu, T. K. F., Sun, J. C.-Y., & Ismailov, M. (2022). Investigating the relationship of technology learning support to digital literacy from the perspective of self-determination theory. Educational Psychology, 42(10), 1263–1282. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2022.2074966
- Churchill, N. (2020). Development of students’ digital literacy skills through digital storytelling with mobile devices. Educational Media International, 57(3), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2020.1833680
- Dewanto, W., Syarifudin, E., Hidayat, S., & Suryadi, S. (2024). The effect of digital literacy, innovative attitudes, and interpersonal communication on teacher performance. Ijorer: International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 5(2), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v5i2.583
- Dewi, C. A., Awaliyah, N., Fitriana, N., Darmayani, S., Nasrullah, Setiawan, J., & Irwanto, I. (2022). Using android-based e-module to improve students’ digital literacy on chemical bonding. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 16(22), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v16i22.34151
- Dridi, T. (2023). Tunisian high school students and digital media literacy: A quantitative study. Journal of Education, 203(1), 196–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220574211025979
- Fadlillah, A. F., Ali, M., Hernawan, A. H., & Riyana, C. (2023). Designing a media literacy training curriculum framework for junior High school teachers. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 25(3), 414–429. https://doi.org/10.21009/jtp.v25i3.38928
- Farias-Gaytan, S., Aguaded, I., & Ramirez-Montoya, M.-S. (2023). Digital transformation and digital literacy in the context of complexity within higher education institutions: a systematic literature review. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 386. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01875-9
- Gall, J. P., Gall, M. D., & Borg, W. R. (2014). Applying educational research: How to read, do, and use research to solve problems of practice. Pearson Education Limited.
- Getenet, S., & Tualaulelei, E. (2023). Using interactive technologies to enhance student engagement in higher education online learning. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 39(4), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/21532974.2023.2244597
- Girdzijauskienė, R., Norvilienė, A., Šmitienė, G., & Rupšienė, L. (2022). Strengthening student engagement in learning through use of digital tools. Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia, 49, 115–130. https://doi.org/10.15388/ActPaed.2022.49.8
- Godoy Jr., C. H. (2020). Augmented reality for education: A review. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 5(6), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun256
- Hallam, G., Thomas, A., & Beach, B. (2018). Creating a connected future through information and digital literacy: Strategic directions at the University of Queensland library. Journal of the Australian Library and Information Association, 67(1), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750158.2018.1426365
- Hamutoğlu, N. B., Savaşçi, M., & Sezen-Gültekin, G. (2019). Digital literacy skills and attitudes towards e-learning. Journal of Education and Future, 16. https://doi.org/10.30786/jef.509293
- Hasyim, N., Hakim, A., & Wahid, M. S. (2021). Interactive e-module development in multimedia learning. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(3), 2293–2300. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v13i3.863
- Hsu, Wenting, Z., & Hughes, J. E. (2019). Developing elementary students’ digital literacy through augmented reality creation: Insights from a longitudinal analysis of questionnaires, interviews, and projects. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57(6), 1400–1435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633118794515
- Indah, D. O., & Wibowo, H. (2021). An analysis of reading literacy for college students through webtoon as interactive learning. Lingua, 17(1), 53–66. https://doi.org/10.34005/lingua.v17i1.1367
- Ishak, S. A., Hasran, U. A., & Din, R. (2023). Media education through digital games: A review on design and factors influencing learning performance. Education Sciences, 13(2), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020102
- Kaeophanuek, S., Jaitip, N.-S., & Nilsook, P. (2018). How to enhance digital literacy skills among information sciences students. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 8(4), 292–297. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2018.8.4.1050
- Latuheru, M. S., Manuputty, F., & Angkotasan, S. (2024). Interactions between generations in digital literacy education: A case of millennial families in suli, central maluku. Baileo : Jurnal Sosial Humaniora, 1(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.30598/baileofisipvol1iss2pp141-154
- Mat Ishah, N. S., Lee, K. L., & Nawanir, G. (2023). Educational supply chain sustainability. Asian Education and Development Studies, 12(2/3), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEDS-09-2022-0123
- Matsiola, M. (2024). Interactive videos as effective tools for media literacy education in communication and media courses. Electronics, 13(23), 4738. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13234738
- MediaSmarts. (2025). Engaged citizenship. https://Mediasmarts.ca/Search?Search_api_fulltext=citizenship.
- Metruk, R. (2022). Smartphone English language learning challenges: A systematic literature review. SAGE Open, January-Ma, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221079627
- Miguel-Revilla, D., Calle-Carracedo, M., & Sánchez-Agustí, M. (2021). Fostering engagement and historical understanding with a digital learning environment in secondary education. E-Learning and Digital Media, 18(4), 344–360. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753020957452
- Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (4th, Ed.). SAGE Publications. https://collegepublishing.sagepub.com/products/qualitative-data-analysis-4-246128
- Misir, H. (2018). Digital literacies and interactive multimedia-enhanced tools for language teaching and learning. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 5(3), 514–523. http://iojet.org/index.php/IOJET/article/view/178/250
- Munawar, M., Fakhruddin, F., Rodiyah, R., & Prihatin, T. (2021). Digital literacy curriculum management in kindergarten. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(5), 2115–2136. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i5.6226
- Murithi, J., & Yoo, J. E. (2021). Teachers’ use of ICT in implementing the competency-based curriculum in Kenyan public primary schools. Innovation and Education, 3(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42862-021-00012-0
- Nangimah, T., & Dharin, A. (2023). Implementation of ICT-based learning media to enhance digital literacy in elementary schools. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 06(10). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i10-35
- Nash, B. (2024). Critical inquiry in (and about) media environments: examining an asset-based digital literacy curriculum. Journal of Literacy Research, 56(2), 133–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086296X241244700
- Nurdin, N., Anhusadar, L., Lubis, M., Hadisi, L., & Rijal, M. (2024). Beyond the chalkboard: Digital innovations in islamic learning through interactive powerpoint. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 12(3), 1099. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v12i3.1637
- Pandian, A., Baboo, S. B., & Lim, J. Y. (2020). Digital storytelling: engaging young people to communicate for digital media literacy. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(1), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3601-11
- Pegalajar, M. del C. P., & Rodríguez, Á. F. T. (2023). Digital literacy in university students of education degrees in Ecuador. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1299059
- Pertiwi, U. G., Musthafa, B., & Gunawan, W. (2024). Captivating university students’ digital literacy competence: Learning from photovoice. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 14(1), 157–172. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v14i1.70415
- Rahman, A., Santosa, T. A., Sofianora, A., Oktavianti, F., Alawiyah, R., Putra, R., & Ilwandri, I. (2023). Systematic literature review: Tpack-integrated design thinking in education. International Journal of Education and Literature, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.55606/ijel.v2i1.57
- Reddy, P., Sharma, B., & Chaudhary, K. (2022). Digital literacy: A review in the South Pacific. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 34(1), 83–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-021-09280-4
- Rizaldi, D. R., Nurhayati, E., & Fatimah, Z. (2020). The correlation of digital literation and stem integration to improve Indonesian students’ skills in 21st century. International Journal of Asian Education, 1(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.46966/ijae.v1i2.36
- Sailer, M., Maier, R., Berger, S., Kastorff, T., & Stegmann, K. (2024). Learning activities in technology-enhanced learning: A systematic review of meta-analyses and second-order meta-analysis in higher education. Learning and Individual Differences, 112, 102446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102446
- Saleh, M., & Solihin, R. (2023). Cyberspace: Between character changes and digital literacy programs in elementary schools in the independent curriculum. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme, 5(3), 972–985. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v5i3.3979
- Sari, A. I., Suryani, N., Rochsantiningsih, D., & Suharno. (2019). The development of Android-based smartphone learning application on teaching reading comprehension. AIP Conf. Proc., 020112(December), 0–7.
- Saripudin, D., Fauzi, W. I., & Nugraha, E. (2021). The development of interactive e-book of local history for senior high school in improving local wisdom and digital literacy. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(1), 17–31. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.11.1.17
- Shariman, T. P. N. T., Razak, N. A., & Noor, N. F. Mohd. (2012). Digital literacy competence for academic needs: An analysis of Malaysian students in three universities. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 1489–1496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.12.090
- Simarmata, H. A., & Sulistyaningrum, S. D. (2023). The implementation of school literacy movement: A literature review. Asian Journal of Applied Education (AJAE), 2(3), 357–366. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajae.v2i3.4652
- Suwarto, D. H., Setiawan, B., & Machmiyah, S. (2022). Developing digital literacy practices in Yogyakarta elementary schools. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 20(2), pp101-111. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.20.2.2602
- Terry, J., Davies, A., Williams, C., Tait, S., & Condon, L. (2019). Improving the digital literacy competence of nursing and midwifery students: A qualitative study of the experiences of NICE student champions. Nurse Education in Practice, 34, 192–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2018.11.016
- Tirza, J., Parwati, N. N., Dantes, G. R., Suartama, I. K., & Cendana, W. (2024). Interactive media with video quiz model to enhance student engagement in the e-service-learning program for the civic education course. International Journal of Religion, 5(11), 4850–4858. https://doi.org/10.61707/eh8kq551
- Wekerle, C., Daumiller, M., & Kollar, I. (2022). Using digital technology to promote higher education learning: The importance of different learning activities and their relations to learning outcomes. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 54(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2020.1799455
- Wijayanto, B., Sumarmi, S., Utomo, D. H., Handoyo, B., & Aliman, M. (2023). Problem-based learning using e-module: Does it effect on student’s high order thinking and learning interest in studying geography? Journal of Technology and Science Education, 13(3), 613–631. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.1965
- Wojciechowski, R., & Cellary, W. (2013). Evaluation of learners’ attitude toward learning in ARIES augmented reality environments. Computers and Education, 68, 570–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.014
- Yeşilyurt, E., & Vezne, R. (2023). Digital literacy, technological literacy, and internet literacy as predictors of attitude toward applying computer-supported education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(8), 9885–9911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11311-1
- Yuan, C., Wang, L., & Eagle, J. (2019). Empowering English language learners through digital literacies: Research, complexities, and implications. Media and Communication, 7(2), 128–136. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i2.1912
- Yuniarti, N., Rahmawati, Y., Anwar, M., Al Hakim, V. G., Hidayat, H., Hariyanto, D., Husna, A. F., & Wang, J. (2024). Augmented reality‐based higher order thinking skills learning media: Enhancing learning performance through self‐regulated learning, digital literacy, and critical thinking skills in vocational teacher education. European Journal of Education, 59(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12725
- Zahabi, M., & Abdul Razak, A. M. (2020). Adaptive virtual reality-based training: a systematic literature review and framework. Virtual Reality, 24(4), 725–752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-020-00434-w
- Zainal Abiddin, N., Ibrahim, I., & Abdul Aziz, S. A. (2022). Advocating digital literacy: Community-based strategies and approaches. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11(1), 198. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0018
- Zheng, J., & Kim, K. T. (2025). The driving force for sustaining future competencies for university students in the digital era: Learning strategies. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 14(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v14n1p19