ror.org/05a1dws80
Abstracts
Résumé
L’objet de cette recherche est d’analyser la démarche cognitive de l’entrepreneur lors de la prise de décision dans les PME de hautes technologies. Dans ce type d’entreprise, les entrepreneurs qualifiés d’experts auraient tendance à mobiliser la logique d’effectuation dans la démarche entrepreneuriale. La question de l’agencement entre l’expertise centrée sur la technique et la logique d’effectuation se pose alors. Nous analysons cette question en croisant deux cadres théoriques complémentaires : la logique d’effectuation et la notion d’expertise issue des sciences de l’éducation. Si la littérature a montré l’effet de l’expertise technique dans la résolution de problèmes, nous posons l’hypothèse qu’elle structure également les activités prédictives de la prise de décision et donc l’expertise entrepreneuriale. Cette recherche est soutenue par une méthodologie de recherche-action participative menée durant 30 mois dans un pôle de compétitivité de hautes technologies et tend à valider empiriquement la pertinence des deux grilles conceptuelles mobilisées. Nos résultats mettent en évidence, d’une part, l’effet de l’activité métacognitive de l’entrepreneur dans le processus décisionnel et, d’autre part, la constitution d’une organisation, centrée sur la cognition, capable de soutenir l’expertise entrepreneuriale par la sécurisation de la prise de décision. La contribution majeure de cet article réside dans la révision du concept d’expertise non seulement en tant que ressource, mais également en tant que processus cognitif apportant alors une dimension structurante à l’expertise entrepreneuriale.
Mots-clés:
- Entrepreneur,
- Expertise,
- Effectuation,
- Métacognition,
- Expertise distribuée
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to analyze the cognitive approach of the entrepreneur during the decision making process in high technology SMEs. In this type of company, entrepreneurs qualified as experts would tend to mobilize the logic of effectuation in the entrepreneurial process. The question of the combination of expertise centered on technique and the logic of effectuation then arises. We analyze this question by crossing two complementary theoretical frameworks: the logic of effectuation and the notion of expertise from the educational sciences. If the literature has shown the effect of technical expertise in problem solving, we hypothesize that it also structures the predictive activities of decision making and thus entrepreneurial expertise. This research is supported by a participatory action research methodology carried out over 30 months in a high-tech competitiveness cluster and tends to empirically validate the relevance of the two conceptual grids used. Our results highlight, on the one hand, the effect of the entrepreneur’s metacognitive activity in the decision-making process and, on the other hand, the constitution of an organization, centered on cognition, capable of supporting entrepreneurial expertise by securing decision making. The major contribution of this article lies in the revision of the concept of expertise not only as a resource but also as a cognitive process bringing a structuring dimension to entrepreneurial expertise.
Keywords:
- Entrepreneur,
- Expertise,
- Effectuation,
- Metacognition,
- Distributed expertise
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el enfoque cognitivo del empresario durante el proceso de toma de decisiones en las PyME de alta tecnología. En este tipo de empresas, los empresarios calificados como expertos tenderían a movilizar la lógica de la efectivización en el proceso empresarial. Se plantea entonces la cuestión de la combinación de la experiencia centrada en la técnica y la lógica de la eficacia. Analizamos esta cuestión cruzando dos marcos teóricos complementarios: la lógica de la efectivización y la noción de pericia de las ciencias de la educación. Si la bibliografía ha demostrado el efecto de la pericia técnica en la resolución de problemas, nuestra hipótesis es que también estructura las actividades de predicción de la toma de decisiones y, por tanto, la pericia empresarial. Esta investigación se apoya en una metodología de investigación-acción participativa llevada a cabo durante 30 meses en un polo de competitividad de alta tecnología y tiende a validar empíricamente la pertinencia de las dos rejillas conceptuales utilizadas. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto, por un lado, el efecto de la actividad metacognitiva del empresario en el proceso de toma de decisiones y, por otro, la constitución de una organización, centrada en la cognición, capaz de apoyar la pericia empresarial asegurando la toma de decisiones. La mayor contribución de este artículo radica en la revisión del concepto de pericia no sólo como recurso, sino también como proceso cognitivo, aportando así una dimensión estructuradora a la pericia empresarial.
Palabras clave:
- Empresario,
- Experiencia,
- Eficacia,
- Metacognición,
- Experiencia distribuida
Appendices
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