Abstracts
Résumé
La question des écosystèmes entrepreneuriaux revêt une place de plus en plus grande dans la littérature en entrepreneuriat. Ces travaux identifient les acteurs constitutifs et mettent à jour leurs missions. Parmi ces acteurs, des associations (non profit/sans but lucratif) en lien avec l’entrepreneuriat sont mentionnées comme acteurs des écosystèmes entrepreneuriaux. Toutefois, il n’existe pas de recherches qui caractérisent leurs missions et essayent de comprendre comment la spécificité de l’écosystème entrepreneurial conditionne leur apparition. Nous cherchons donc à identifier les missions poursuivies par les associations qui s’intéressent à l’entrepreneuriat et la création d’entreprise. Nous cherchons également à comprendre leur contexte d’apparition. Nos résultats concernent les associations, mais peuvent être mobilisés pour comprendre l’émergence d’acteurs au sein d’un écosystème entrepreneurial. S’il existe une diversité des missions, nous émettons la thèse que les caractéristiques du territoire tout comme la dimension temporelle conditionnent les missions. Sur la base de la population des associations loi 1901 françaises, qui ont déclaré dans leur objet les termes « création d’entreprise » ou « entrepreneuriat » (sur la période 1997-2016), et grâce à une démarche méthodologique reposant sur une analyse lexicale automatisée, nous avons pu identifier cinq classes de missions : échange entrepreneurial, aide à la gestion, accompagnement du projet, préoccupations sociales, entrepreneuriat étudiant. La taille, le capital humain ou le chômage qui caractérisent un territoire ont un impact sur le type de mission. Les dernières périodes indiquent un accroissement des associations, dont la mission porte sur l’échange entrepreneurial et l’entrepreneuriat étudiant.
Mots-clés:
- Associations,
- Écosystème entrepreneurial,
- Territoire,
- Analyse longitudinale,
- Analyse textuelle
Abstract
The issue of entrepreneurial ecosystems is becoming increasingly important in the entrepreneurial literature. This work identifies the constituent actors and highlights their missions. Among these actors, non-profit organizations related to entrepreneurship are mentioned as actors of entrepreneurial ecosystems. However, there is no research that characterizes their missions and tries to understand how the specificity of the entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions their emergence. We are therefore seeking to identify the missions pursued by non-profit organizations interested in entrepreneurship and business creation. We also seek to understand their context of emergence. Our results concern non-profit organizations but can be mobilized to understand the development of new actors within an entrepreneurial ecosystem. While there is a diversity of missions, we argue that the characteristics of the territory as well as the temporal dimension determine the missions. On the basis of the population of French 1901 law non-profit organizations, which declared in their subject matter the terms “création d’entreprise” or “entrepreneuriat” (business creation or entrepreneurship) over the period 1997-2016, and thanks to a methodological approach based on an automated lexical analysis, we identify five classes of missions: entrepreneurial interactions, management support, project support, social concerns, student entrepreneurship. The size, human capital or unemployment that characterize a territory have an impact on the type of mission. The latest periods indicate an increase of organizations whose mission is focused on entrepreneurial interactions and student entrepreneurship.
Keywords:
- Associations,
- Entrepreneurial ecosystem,
- Territory,
- Longitudinal analysis,
- Text mining
Resumen
El tema de los ecosistemas empresariales está adquiriendo cada vez más importancia en la literatura empresarial. Este trabajo identifica a los actores constituyentes y actualiza sus misiones. Entre estos actores, las asociaciones (sin ánimo de lucro o sin ánimo de lucro) relacionadas con el espíritu empresarial se mencionan como actores de los ecosistemas empresariales. Sin embargo, no existe una investigación que caracterice sus misiones y trate de entender cómo la especificidad del ecosistema empresarial condiciona su surgimiento. Por lo tanto, buscamos identificar las misiones que persiguen las asociaciones interesadas en el espíritu emprendedor y la creación de empresas. También buscamos entender su contexto de apariencia. Nuestros resultados conciernen a las asociaciones, pero pueden ser movilizados para comprender el surgimiento de actores dentro de un ecosistema empresarial. Si hay diversidad de misiones, argumentamos que las características del territorio así como la dimensión temporal determinan las misiones. Sobre la base de la población de las asociaciones francesas de derecho de 1901, que declararon en su materia los términos creación de empresas o espíritu empresarial (durante el período 1997-2016), y gracias a un enfoque metodológico basado en un análisis léxico automatizado, pudimos identificar cinco clases de misiones : intercambio empresarial, asistencia a la gestión, apoyo a proyectos, preocupaciones sociales, espíritu empresarial de los estudiantes. El tamaño, el capital humano o el desempleo que caracterizan a un territorio influyen en el tipo de misión. Los últimos períodos indican un aumento en el número de asociaciones cuya misión se centra en el intercambio empresarial y el espíritu empresarial de los estudiantes.
Palabras clave:
- Asociaciones,
- Ecosistema empresarial,
- Territorio,
- Análisis longitudinal,
- Análisis léxico
Appendices
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