Abstracts
Résumé
Le présent travail précise le rôle que les PME assument dans la création de nouveaux emplois en Italie. En même temps, il reconstruit, en les interprétant, les parcours qui ont été suivis par le sous-ensemble des PME qui ont crû le plus dans la première moitié des années 1990.
Dans la partie empirique originale, qui a été menée sur un échantillon de 70 entreprises manufacturières à forte croissance, on fait une distinction entre quatre groupes d’entreprises relativement homogènes : les jeunes, les exportatrices, les dominées et celles qui appartiennent à un groupe.
Le croisement de ces quatre groupes avec les trois types facteurs de croissance, externes, internes et les motivations personnelles du dirigeant, nous permet d’identifier et d’interpréter la multiplicité des trajectoires ainsi que l’articulation des différentes combinaisons de facteurs. Un des éléments communs qui les distinguent est que les PME sont fortement dominées par l’entrepreneur. Il s’agit de PME qui sont compétitives sur leurs marchés et assez innovatrices. Ces PME se concentrent sur la différenciation et sur les services. Elles sont habituées de recourir à des stratégies à moyen et long terme, tout en planifiant les phases de croissance.
Mots-clés :
- PME,
- Facteurs de croissance,
- Politiques
Abstract
The study is devoted to SMFs and their role in creating net jobs in Italy. At the same time, it presents and discusses the development paths followed by those firms, which shared the highest growth performance in the first half of the 1990s.
Within an original field research – carried out with a sample of 70 industrial high-growth firms – we distinguish among four different clusters : the young, the exporters, firms belonging to a group and subordinate firms.
The study goes on crossing these four groups with three different factors – external, internal and motivational – and, in doing so, it is possible to identify and decode the multiplicity of growth paths and the different factors mix.
The common elements, which are to some extent present, show a SMF strongly directed by the entrepreneur, a firm competitive on its own markets, quite innovative, very attentive to customisation and service, accustomed to articulate a medium-long term strategy, able to programme its own steps on the growth path.
Resumen
El presente trabajo clarifica la importancia que tienen las PIMES en la creación de nuevos puestos de trabajo en Italia. En mismo tiempo reconstruye, también en interpretándolo, el camino que ha sido seguido por el subconjunto de las PIMES que aumentó lo más en la primera mitad de los años noventa.
En la parte empírica original, que fue realizada a base de una entrevista con 70 compañías de fabricación de grande crecimiento, se hizo una distinción entre cuatro grupos de compañías, todos homogenos en su interior : las jóvenes, las empresas de exportación, las « dominadas» y aquellas que apartenecen a un grupo.
El conjunto de estos cuatro grupos con los tres differentes factores de crecimiento los exteriores, los interiores y los aspectos motivantes nos permete de identificar y también de interpretar la multiplicidad de cursos de las empresas y de articular las differentes mezclas de factores. No obstante, también hay elementos communes que se distingen, mostrandonos des PIMES que son fuertemente dominadas por los empresarios. Se trata des PIMES que son competitivas en sus mercados y que también son bastante innovativas. Eses PIMES se concetran fuertemente en la personalización y en los servicios. Ellos son acostumbradas a formular estrategías de medio a largo periodo, planificando sus fases de crecimiento.
Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Arbeit verdeutlicht die Rolle der KMU in Italien in bezug auf die Gründung von neuen Arbeitsplätzen. Gleichzeitig werden die Entwicklungswege aufgezeigt, die von denjenigen KMU verfolgt wurden, die am meistens in das Wachstum der ersten Hälfte der 90er Jahre geglaubt hatten.
Im empirischen Teil, der auf einer Stichprobe von 70 stark wachsenden Produktionsunternehmen aufbaut, wurde eine Unterscheidung zwischen vier relativ homogenen Unternehmengruppen vorgenommen : die Jungen, die Exportorientierten, die Dominanten und diejenigen die zu einer Gruppe gehören.
Die Kreuzung/Mischung von diesen vier Gruppen mit den drei verschiedenen Wachstumsfaktoren (Wachstumsfaktoren aufgrund der Umwelt, aufgrund interner und Motivationsgründe) erlauben uns, die Vielzahl der Entwicklungswege zu identifizieren und zu interpretieren. Ein gemeinsames Merkmal das die Unternehmen auszeichnet ist die starke Prägung durch den Unternehmer. Es handelt sich um KMU die wettbewerbsfähig auf ihrem Markt und auch genügend innovativ sind. Diese KMU konzentrieren sich stark auf die Differenzierungsstrategie und auf die Dienstlei-stungen. Sie sind gewohnt in der Planung der Wachstumsphasen, Strategien zu formulieren, für mittel- und langfristige Zeitperioden.
Appendices
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