Abstracts
Abstract
William Paley objects to David Hume’s rejection of miracle testimony, and especially Hume’s seeming conviction that, as Paley puts it, “we are not obliged to explain how the story of the evidence arose” when confronted with testimonial evidence for claims that we reject as incredible. Paley holds that it is in some sense insufficient to dismiss miracle testimony merely with the claim that it must, somehow or other, be mistaken. Rather, we are obliged to explain how the testimony came to be uttered in spite of its falsity, when rejecting testimonial premises. I call this methodological scruple Paley’s Principle. Following some initial clarifications, I explore various possible strengths and scopes of its claimed obligation, in order to determine whether a plausible version can be recovered. It is neither a logical norm nor a purely prudential principle. But relative to some socio-epistemic aims of argumentation, Paley’s Principle expresses a reasonable norm, though perhaps not in quite the way Paley intended it.
Keywords:
- argumentation,
- Hume,
- Paley,
- scepticism,
- testimony
Résumé
William Paley conteste le rejet par David Hume des témoignages miraculeux, et en particulier la conviction apparente de Hume selon laquelle, comme l'affirme Paley, « nous ne sommes pas tenus d'expliquer l'origine du récit du témoignage » face à des preuves testimoniales étayant des affirmations que nous jugeons incroyables. Paley soutient qu'il est, d'une certaine manière, insuffisant de rejeter un témoignage miraculeux en se contentant d'affirmer qu'il est forcément erroné. Nous sommes tenus d'expliquer comment ce témoignage a pu être donné malgré sa fausseté, lorsque nous rejetons les prémisses testimoniales. Je nomme ce scrupule méthodologique le Principe de Paley. Après quelques clarifications préliminaires, j'explore les différentes portées et forces possibles de cette obligation revendiquée, afin de déterminer si une version plausible peut être dégagée. Il ne s'agit ni d'une norme logique ni d'un principe purement prudentiel. Mais, au regard de certains objectifs socioépistémiques de l'argumentation, le Principe de Paley exprime une norme raisonnable, même si ce n'est peut-être pas exactement dans le sens que Paley lui donnait.
Appendices
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